Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 3 Semester 2 > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which two structures separate during a retinal detachment?

A

Neural and pigmented retinal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 3 structures in the eye which cause photophobia when affected

A
  1. Cornea (abrasion, foreign body, keratitis)
  2. Iris (iritis)
  3. Sclera (scleritis)

Not lid or conjunctival entities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between an internal hordeolum and a chalazion?

A

A chalazion is an OBSTRUCTION of the Meibomian gland

An internal hordeolum is an ABSCESS of the Meibomian gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a stye?

A

External hordeolum

Abscess of the sebaceous gland associated with an eyelash (Moll’s or Zeis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for an internal hordeolum?

A

Warm compresses

Oral flu/dicloxacillin

Incision and drainage for persistent or recurrent abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for an external hordeolum?

A

Warm compresses

Removal or the eyelash often aids resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for a chalazion?

A

Warm compresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

A

Topical chloramphenicol

Hygiene

Regular cleaning with warm water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is chlamydial conjunctivitis treated?

A

Oral azithromycin as a single dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is gonococcal conjunctivitis treated?

A

Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime IM or IV as a single dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy is found in which ophthalmological condition?

A

Viral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which antibiotic is used for the treatment of bacterial keratitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for anterior uveitis?

A

Topical corticosteroids

Dilating drops e.g. cyclopentolate (reduces pain and prevent synechiae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is concomitant strabismus?

A

Ocular deviation is present in all directions of gaze

Non-paralytic

Primarily occurs in childhood

Constant angle of deviation in which the misaligned eye follows the unaffected eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is incomitant strabismus?

A

Ocular deviation present in specific directions of gaze

Paralytic

Functional weakness of individual extraocular muscles

Frequently acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is heterophoria?

(Latent or manifest? And what does that mean?)

A

Latent strabismus

Only present once binocular vision is interrupted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is heterotropia?

(Latent or manifest? And what does that mean?)

A

Manifest

Present during binocular vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is stereopsis?

A

Depth perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which tract is damaged in internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the findings of internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

A

Ipsilateral loss of adduction (MR affected)

Contralateral nystagmus

Convergence is not affected (different pathways utilised)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which type of strabismus does the cover test reveal?

A

Heterotropia (manifest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which type of strabismus does the uncover test reveal?

A

Heterophoria (latent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List 4 treatment options for strabismus

A
  1. Correction of refractive errors
  2. Visual training
  3. Occlusion treatment
  4. Penalisation therapy (use cyclopentolate to blur vision in the good eye)
  5. Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the definition of amblyopia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Permanent loss of best corrected visual acuity in a structurally healthy eye

25
List 3 causes of amblyopia
1. Depravation e.g. ptosis, cataract 2. Refractive 3. Stabismus
26
List 5 medications used in the treatment of glaucoma
1. Pilocarpine 2. Dorzolamide/brinzolamide 3. Timolol 4. Apraclonidine 5. Latanoprost 6. Mannitol
27
What is the treatment for anterior uveitis?
Topical corticosteroids Dilating drop (e.g. cyclopentolate) to reduce pain and prevent synechiae
28
Which is worse, pre- or post-septal cellulitis?
Post-septal
29
Where do pathogens causing post-septal cellulitis arise?
Paranasal sinus infection Orbital trauma
30
What is papillary conjunctivitis associated with?
Allergic conjunctivitis
31
What are conjunctival follicles?
Small foci of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue ## Footnote *Associated with viral conjunctivitis*
32
Which condition are conjunctival follicles associated with?
Viral conjunctivitis
33
When can people with conjunctivitis return to work/school?
Once the discharge has stopped
34
What are keratic precipitates and when are they found?
Inflammatory deposits on the corneal endothelium Indicative of inflammatory disease Seen in anterior uveitis
35
What are the two components of the uvea?
Anterior - iris and ciliary body Posterior - choroid *Anterior uveitis = iritis*
36
What is epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?
Complication of some adenovirus conjunctivitis infections An intense inflammatory response involving the cornea Pseudomembrane formation (coagulated fibrinous exudate)
37
Which features distinguish simple adenovirus infection with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?
Intense redness, irritation, tearing Blurred vision and photophobia Follicular conjunctivitis Preauricular lymphadenopathy Subconjunctival haemorrhage Conjunctival oedema Pseudomembrane formation
38
What is a pseudomembrane (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis)
Coagulated fibrinous exudate
39
How is epidemic keratoconjunctivitis treated?
Removal of pseudomembrane Topical corticosteroids Urgent ophthalmological referral
40
How is chlamydia trachomatis treated?
Azithromycin as a single dose Contact tracing Facial and hand hygiene Trichiasis management
41
What is the likely causative agent of bacterial keratitis/corneal ulcers in a patient who has been swimming with contact lenses?
Acanthamoeba
42
What is pseudostrabismus?
Part of the nasal sclera is covered, forming an optical illusion of esotropia Occurs in the first few years of life due to a wide nasal bridge or large epicanthal folds
43
A foreign body sensation is associated with involvement of which ocular structure?
Cornea ## Footnote *Conjunctivitis is associated with a gritty feeling*
44
Bacterial keratitis Characteristic white spot on cornea
45
Anterior uveitis Irregular pupil shape due to inflammatory adhesions of the iris margin to the anterior lens
46
Episcleritis
47
Scleritis
48
List 2 causes of a red-eye associated with reduced visual acuity
1. Infectious keratitis 2. Iritis 3. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
49
What are two features which can help distinguish corneal abrasion from iritis?
1. Abrasions have a staining defect on fluorescein examination 2. Abrasions have a foreign body sensation
50
How is ciliary flush distinguished from conjunctivitis?
Redness does not extend into the palpebral conjunctiva
51
Which condition is most strongly associated with scleritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis ## Footnote * Scleritis is associated with systemic disease in 50% of cases, the most common of which being RA* * When scleritis complicates RA, it is a manifestation of rheumatoid vasculitis, indicating the need for an intensification of therapy*
52
Ocular pain worst at night or early morning is characteristic of which condition?
Scleritis
53
What complication of adenovirus is associated with fibrous exudates?
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
54
How does trachoma occur?
Chronic/recurring chlamydia in both eyes → conjunctival scarring → progressive conjunctival shrinkage → corneal ulcers and opacities, neurovascularization, entropion, trichiasis (ingrown eyelashes)
55
What is the major complication of epidemic keratoconjunctitis?
Keratitis
56
What is sodium cromoglycate?
Mast cell stabiliser Used for allergic conjunctivitis
57
What are the adverse effects of topical corticosteroids on the eye?
Ocular hypertension Ocular infection Delayed corneal healing Rebound inflammation upon treatment cessation Posterior subcapsular cataracts
58
List 4 causes of bacterial conjunctivitis
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococccus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae
59
Follicular or papillary?
Follicle Pale on surface with red base

Year 3 Semester 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions