Ophthalmology - eyelid conditions Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is blepharitis?
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margins, often due to bacterial infection, seborrheic dermatitis, or meibomian gland dysfunction
What are common symptoms of blepharitis?
Red, swollen eyelids; crusting; burning or gritty sensation; watery eyes.
How is blepharitis treated?
Eyelid hygiene (warm compresses and lid scrubs), antibiotic ointments or drops, and managing underlying skin conditions.
What causes dry eye?
It can be caused by decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation, often related to aging, autoimmune diseases, screen use, or environmental factors.
What are the symptoms of dry eye?
Burning, stinging, foreign body sensation, blurred vision, and excessive tearing (reflex tearing).
How is dry eye managed?
Artificial tears, punctal plugs, omega-3 supplements, and addressing underlying causes (e.g., blepharitis or meibomian gland dysfunction).
What is a meibomian cyst?
A painless, firm lump in the eyelid caused by blockage of a meibomian (oil) gland.
How does a meibomian cyst differ from a stye?
A cyst is typically painless and chronic, while a stye is painful and caused by acute infection.
What is the treatment for a meibomian cyst?
Warm compresses; if persistent, it may require steroid injection or surgical drainage.
What is a choroidal naevus?
A benign pigmented lesion in the choroid layer of the eye, similar to a mole.
When is a choroidal naevus concerning for melanoma?
If it shows growth, orange pigment, subretinal fluid, or is thicker than 2 mm, it may be malignant.
How is choroidal melanoma treated?
Depending on size and location: observation, radiotherapy (plaque brachytherapy), or enucleation.
What is a stye?
A stye is a painful, red lump on the eyelid caused by an acute bacterial infection (usually Staphylococcus aureus) of an eyelash follicle or associated gland.
What are the symptoms of a stye?
Localized pain, redness, swelling, tenderness, and sometimes discharge from the affected area.
How is a stye treated?
Warm compresses 3–4 times a day; in some cases, topical antibiotics or incision and drainage if it does not resolve.
