Ophthalmology Pharmacology Flashcards Preview

Ophthalmology > Ophthalmology Pharmacology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ophthalmology Pharmacology Deck (31)
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1
Q

Fluorescein Stains What?

A

Collagen

Mucus

2
Q

Side Effects of Fluorescein

A

Permanent staining of contact lenses

3
Q

Examples of Topical Anaesthetics

A

Proxymetacaine
Benoxinate
Tetracaine

4
Q

Uses of Ocular Topical Anaesthetics

A

Examining painful corneal conditions
Sciotz tonometry
Foreign body removal from cornea/conjunctiva

5
Q

Negative Effects of Topical Anaesthetics

A

Toxic to epithelium
Inhibit mitosis and cell migration
Permanent corneal damage

6
Q

Examples of Anticholinergic Cycloplegics

A
  1. Atropine sulphate 0.5% or 1%
  2. Scopolamine hydrobromide 0.25%
  3. Cyclopentolate HCl 0.5% or 1%
  4. Tropicamide 0.5% or 1%
7
Q

Specific use of Atropine

A

Hyphaema

8
Q

Specific use of Cyclopentolate

A

Anterior Uveitis

9
Q

Specific use of Tropicamide

A

Diagnostic

10
Q

Side-Effects of Anticholinergic Cycloplegics

A

Nause and vomiting
Pallor
Vasomotor disturbances

11
Q

Mechanism of Action: Sympathomimetic Mydriatics

A

Stimulate dilator pupillae

12
Q

Example: Sympathomimetic Mydriatics

A

Phenylephrine HCl 2.5%

13
Q

Examples: Topical Ocular Decongestants

A

Naphazoline HCL 0.12%
Phenylephrine HCl 0.12%
Tetrahydrozaline HCl 0.05%

14
Q

Side-Effects: Topical Ocular Decongestants

A

Rebound vasodilation
Tolerance
Angle closure glaucoma

15
Q

Examples: Topical Ocular Antibiotics

A
Sulphacetamide
Neomycin
Gentamicin
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
16
Q

Examples: Topical Ocular Antivirals

A

Acyclovir
Trifluridine
Idoxuridine
Vidarabine

17
Q

Examples: Topical Ocular Antifungals

A

Amphotericin B

Natamycin

18
Q

Examples: Topical NSAIDS

A

Indomethacin

Na diclofenac

19
Q

Examples: Topical Ocular Steroids

A

Prednisolone
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Fluormethalone

20
Q

Agents Used in Glaucoma

A
  1. Cholinergic agonists - pilocarpine
  2. Adrenergic agonists - adrenaline
  3. Non-selective B-blockers - timolol maleate
  4. Selective B-blockers - betaxolol
  5. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - acetazolamide
  6. Prostaglandin Agonists - latanoprost
  7. Hyperosmotic agents - in acute angle closure
21
Q

Ocular Side-Effects of Corticosteroids

A

Glaucoma

Posterior sub-capsular cataracts

22
Q

Ocular Side-Effects: Chloroquine

A

Corneal deposits –> photophobia, glare

Maculopathy –> LOV

23
Q

Ocular Side-Effects: Digitalis

A

Dull vision
Chromatopsia
Ocular toxicity

24
Q

Ocular Side-Effects: Phenytoin

A

Nystagmus (cerebellovestibular side-effects)

Ophthalmoplegia

25
Q

Ocular Side-Effects: Ethambutol

A

Optic neuropathy (within 1 month of tx)

26
Q

Ocular Side-Effects: Chlorpromazine

A

Reversible punctate corneal epithelial opacities

Irreversible lenticular opacities

27
Q

Ocular Side-Effects:Thioridazine

A

Pigmentary retinopathy

28
Q

Systemic Side-Effects: B-Blockers

A

Bronchospasm
Aggravate cardiac conduction defects/cardiac failure
Aggravate peripheral vascular disease
Elevate blood glucose

29
Q

Systemic Side-Effects: Parasympathomimetics

A
Lacrimation
Salivation
Perspiration
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
30
Q

Systemic Side-Effects: Sympathomimetics

A

Hypertension

Cardiac arrhythmias

31
Q

Pharmacological no-nos for a GP

A

Instilling eye-drops incorrectly
Dilating pupils with atropine
Local anaesthetic drops TTO
Prescribe topical ocular steroids