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Flashcards in Ophtho Deck (25)
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1
Q

Rb imaging and cause and death?

A

inactivation tumor suppressor Rb and U/S or CT shows calcification. death from liver or brain metastases

2
Q

External hordeolum name?

A

stye

3
Q

tx open angle (chronic) glaucoma

A

b-blocker (timolol) reduces aqueous humor production from epithelium. prostaglandin analogue, topical CA inhibitors, pilocarpine

4
Q

dacrocystitis tx

A

broad spectrum abx

5
Q

keratitis cause and tx?

A

commonly from left contact lens over time. pseudomonas and serratia. topical broad spectrum abx to tx

6
Q

presentation of CMV vs HSV/VZV retinitis

A

CMV-painless with fluffy or granular lesion near retinal vessels. No keratitis or conjunctivitis
HSV or VZV-painful retinitis with necrosis bilaterally. Yes keratitis and conjunctivitis

7
Q

2 types of diabetic retinopathy and tx?

A

non prolif-damage to capillaries leads to leakage with hemorrhage and macular edema. tx blood sugar control
prolif-chronic hypoxia with new blood vessel formation with traction on retina. tx with argon laser or anti-VEGF

8
Q

mcc vitreous hemorrhage?

A

diabetic retinopathy

9
Q

tx viral vs allergic vs bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

viral-warm or cold compress with or without antihistamine/decongestant drops
allergic-antihistamine or degonestant for intermittent or olopatadine or azelastine (mast cell or antihistamine for persistent)
bacterial-erythromycin/azithromycin/or trimethoprim drops

10
Q

best test and tx uveitis?

A

slit lamp. topical steroids

11
Q

best initial and gold standard and tx closed angle glaucoma?

A

tonometry/gonioscopy to visualize angle. acetazolamide, mannitol, pilocarbine (opens canal of schlemm)

12
Q

what drug to avoid in acute angle closure?

A

sympathomimetic or anticholinergic or atropine because they all dilate pupils!!

13
Q

dendritic pattern fluorscein tx and what to avoid?

A

herpes keratitis. use oral acyclovir, famciclovir or valacylclovir. AVOID STEROIDS AT ALL COST AS IT MAKES IT WORSE

14
Q

painless monoocular visual loss causes and tx?

A

retinal artery occulsion (pale retina and dark macula with cherry red spot)-100% o2, ocular massage, anterior chamber paracentesis to decrease pressure
retinal vein occlusion (blood and thunder appearance) -ranibizumab
retinal detachment (curtain coming down)-flashes of light and floaters. reattachement with mechanical methods

15
Q

macular degeneration type description and tx?

A

progressive loss of central vision
dry-drusen with yellowish material and loss in vision (antioxidant and vitamins prevent)
wet-neovascularization (tx with ranibizumab injected into vitreous chamber every 4-8 wks)

16
Q

what is amaurosis fugax and next best step?

A

transient painless monocular vision loss from retinal emboli as curtain falling down and return of vision when clots break. Next best step is duplex US of neck b/c sign of impending stroke

17
Q

pediatric condition associated with uveitis?

A

JRA

18
Q

cataracts in neonate?

A

TORCH or other inherited metabolic disorder (galactosemia)

19
Q

top cause blindness less than 55 older than 55 and blac?

A

diabetes, senile macular degeneration, glaucoma

20
Q

orbital vs preorbital cellulitis?

A

orbital with proptosis, severe eye pain, decreased visual acuity

21
Q

mcc of isolated palsies of III, IV, VI

A

hypertension and diabetes

22
Q

corneal blink reflex involvement?

A

cn V (afferent is sensory) and cn VII (efferent is motor)

23
Q

herpes simplex keratitis vs herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

A

herpes zoster-skin and eye infection (dendridofrom corneal ulcers) in distribution of ophthalmic branch of trigeminal with vesicles near corner of eye and forehead
herpes simplex-just eye infection
both can show dendritic branching (dendritic ulcers and vesicles) with fluoroscein examination

24
Q

tx herpes keratitis?

A

oral acyclovir and topical antiherpetic trifluridine and idoxiuridine

25
Q

monocular vision loss with pain with eye movement and changes in color perception

A

optic neuritis