Opioid Analgesics

Question 1

mild to moderate pain

Answer 1

codeine , dihydrocodeine, meptazinol

Question 2

Moderate to severe pain

Answer 2

Morphine, diamorphine, pethidine, bupremorphine,tramodol.

morphine overdose - Naloxone

Question 3

Morphine

Answer 3

acute and chronic pain, state of euphoria, iv, oral, rectal,

side effects - constipation, nausea and vomiting, sedation, cough suppressant. Highly addictive and tolerant. Respiratory depression.

Mechanism of action for morphine: Inhibit pathway of opioid receptors (antagonist)
closes calcium channels

opioid receptors in central and nervous system.
stimulates potassium leading to hyperpolarisation and reduced cyclic adenosine.

Question 4

Local anaesthetics

Answer 4

lidocaine, bupivicaine, prilocaine, tetracaine.

lipid soluble. can move across membrane.