Opioids Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are amphetamine-type stimulants commonly known as?
Amphetamine
This class includes compounds like methamphetamine, ephedrine, and MDMA.
List some compounds included in the class of amphetamine-type stimulants.
- Amphetamine
- Methamphetamine
- Ephedrine
- Pseudoephedrine
- MDMA
- MDA
- MDEA
- Mixed amphetamine salts
- Dextroamphetamine
- Lisdexamfetamine
What is the precursor of all synthetic amphetamines?
Ephedrine
Derived from the plant ephedra sinica.
What is the chemical structure of amphetamines based on?
Phenylethylamine moiety
Resembles dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin.
How do amphetamines enter neurons?
Through dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and noradrenaline (NAT) transporters, and passive diffusion.
What is one medical use of amphetamines?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Examples: Adderall and Dexedrine.
What are some adverse effects of amphetamines?
- Increase in heart rate
- High blood pressure
- Mood changes
- Hyper-excitability
- Insomnia
- Hallucinations at high doses
What is the primary stimulant in dextroamphetamine?
Dextroamphetamine
It is the dextrorotatory enantiomer with more pronounced CNS effects.
What is the brand name for lisdexamfetamine?
Vyvanse
Used to treat ADHD and binge eating disorder.
What are common withdrawal symptoms from amphetamines?
- Stress and anxiety
- Depression
- Headaches
- Muscle pain and cramps
- Stomach pain
What is methamphetamine classified as in the United States?
Schedule II stimulant
Indicates high potential for abuse with accepted medical use.
What are the common forms of methamphetamine?
- Powder
- Crystal (crystal meth)
What are some immediate effects of methamphetamine use?
- Increased alertness
- Talkativeness
- Decreased appetite
- Feelings of happiness
What is a common name for methamphetamine in crystalline form?
Crystal meth
Other names include ‘Tina’ and ‘ice’.
What are the effects of mixing MDMA with alcohol?
Increased risk of dehydration
May lead to drinking too much water.
What is Captagon primarily composed of?
Amphetamine and theophylline
Initially used for hyperactivity and depression.
What are the effects of synthetic cathinones, also known as ‘bath salts’?
- Euphoria
- Alertness
- Psychological effects (confusion, paranoia, hallucinations)
What is the primary treatment for amphetamine substance use disorder?
Supportive care and counseling
No specific medications are available.
True or False: MDMA has an approved medical use.
False
MDMA is classified under Schedule I.
What are the first-line treatments for agitation in ATS intoxication?
Parenteral benzodiazepines
Example: IV Diazepam.
What is the consequence of high doses of methamphetamine?
Elevated body temperature and potential cardiovascular collapse.
Fill in the blank: Meth mouth is characterized by severe _______.
tooth decay and gum disease.
What is the mainstay of treatment for amphetamine withdrawal symptoms?
Supportive care and counseling.
