Opioids

Question 1

Opioids

Answer 1

relieve moderate to severe pain

Question 2

Nociceptors

Answer 2

pain receptors

afferent neurons in the ascending pathway

Question 3

A-delta Fibers

Answer 3

large diameter, sparsely myelinated

evokes sharp, well localized pain- somatic

Question 4

C Fibers

Answer 4

small diameter, unmyelinated

makes aching, poorly localized pain- visceral

Question 5

Neurotransmitters of the descending pathway

Answer 5

norepinephrine
serotonin
inhibit ascending pain pathway

Question 6

Delta Receptors Locations

Answer 6

widely throughout CNS

in some peripheral tissues

Question 7

Mu Receptors Locations

Answer 7

B- Endorphin in hypothalamus

anterior lobe of pituitary

Question 8

K receptors Locations

Answer 8

hypothalamus

posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Question 9

Opioid receptors are coupled to…..

Answer 9

adenylyl cyclase and G-proteins

Question 10

Functions of Mu and Delta Receptors

Answer 10

sedation

Question 11

Opioid Action at Presynaptic Level

Answer 11

closes voltage gated Ca channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release

Question 12

Morphine Receptors

Answer 12

Mu

Question 13

Mixed Action Opioid Receptors

Answer 13

K receptors

Question 14

Used to control pain in Keratitis

Answer 14

codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, pentazocine, tramadol

Question 15

Opioids and Fetus

Answer 15

can cross placental barrier

causes respiratory depression and physical dependents

Question 16

Active metabolite of morphine

Answer 16

morphine-6-glucuronide

Question 17

Condition increasing the half life of opioids

Answer 17

liver disease

Question 18

Most analgesic and euphoric opioids

Answer 18

oxycodone

Question 19

Side Effects of Opioids

Answer 19

cough suppresion
constipation
orthostatic hypotension
reduced libido, urinary retention
blurred vision, miosis, diplopia

Question 20

Classic Triplet of Opioid Toxicity

Answer 20

pinpoint pupils
respiratory depression
coma

Question 21

Opioid Withdrawal

Answer 21

mydriasis, chills, hyperventilation, diarrhea, anxiety

Question 22

Treating Heroin Addiction

Answer 22

Methadone

Naltrexone

Question 23

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Answer 23

contraindications of all opioids

causes hyperpyrexia coma and hypertension

Question 24

Uses during Acute Pain

Answer 24

strong agonists- fentanyl and morphine

IV

Question 25

Uses during less severe and chronic pain

Answer 25

moderate agonists | oral

Question 26

Strong Agonists

Answer 26

Morphine

Question 27

Moderate Agonists

Answer 27

Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone

Question 28

Partial Agonists

Answer 28

Burprenorphine

Question 29

Mixed Agonists-Antagonists

Answer 29

Pentazocine

Question 30

Full Antagonists

Answer 30

Nalaxone

Question 31

Managing Acute Pulmonary Edema

Answer 31

morphine

Question 32

Methadone

Answer 32

used in maintenance of opiate addiction and withdrawal

Question 33

Codeine

Answer 33

cough suppressant analgesia used in combo with NSAIDs

Question 34

Naltrexone

Answer 34

decreases desire for alcohol | opiate addiction

Question 35

Methylnaltrexone

Answer 35

treatment of opioid induced constipation