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OPP - OMS I > OPP Practical 1 > Flashcards

OPP Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

attributed to Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)

A

Heroic Medicine

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2
Q

Benjamin Rush believed that the basis of all disease was

A

“physiologic tension,” particularly of the vasculature

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3
Q

“there is but one disease in the world” and treatment was by “depletion”

A

Rush: bloodletter, blistering, purging

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4
Q

a mercury-based cathartic that was commonly used for a variety of ailments

A

calomel

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5
Q

1864

A

Pivotal Year for AT Still

  • personal tragedies (3 children died of spinal meningitis; infant daughter died of pneumonia; first wife died from childbirth)
  • substance abuse in community (veterans addicted to alcohol/morphine)
  • immersed hisself in anatomy and cadaveric dissection (grave robbing)
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6
Q

1874

A

Birth of Osteopathy

AT Still:

  • “i was gradually approaching a science by study, research, and observation that would be a great benefit to the world.”
  • “I flung to the breeze the banner of Osteopathy”
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7
Q

Four Tenets of Osteopathic Philosophy

A
  1. the body is a unit; person is a unit of mind, body, spirit
  2. body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, health maintenance
  3. structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
  4. rational treatment is based upon an understanding of basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
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8
Q

1892

A

American School of Osteopathy

  • chartered May in Kirksville, Missouri
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9
Q

1918

A

“Spanish Flu” Pandemic

  • over 500,000 Americans died
  • OMM noted to be more effective than drug therapies
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10
Q

1961-62

A

The California Merger

  • CaOA merged with CMA
  • COPS in LA became CaCOM (UCI)
  • DOs conferred MD degrees
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11
Q

complete system of medical care practiced by physicians with an unlimited license

A

Osteopathic Medicine

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12
Q

Osteopathic medicine emphasizes the ___ and has an appreciation of the body’s ___

A

interrelationship between structure and function; ability to heal itself

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13
Q

concept of health care supported by expanding scientific knowledge that embraces the concept of the unity of the living organism’s structure and function

A

Osteopathic Principles and Practices (OPP)

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14
Q

function

A

physiology

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15
Q

structure

A

anatomy

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16
Q

therapeutic application of manually guided forces by a DO to improve physiologic function and/or support homeostasis that has been altered by somatic dysfunction

A

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)

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17
Q

application of osteopathic philosophy, structural diagnosis and use of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the diagnosis and management of the patient.

A

Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM)

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18
Q

site of allopathic care

A

disease state

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19
Q

site of osteopathic care

A

host

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20
Q

hand you use most

A

dominant hand

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21
Q

exercise to determine dominant hand

A

clasp hands together, top hand is most likely dominant

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22
Q

exercise to determine dominant eye

A

both eyes open, circle an object, close each eye, the one with the object in the circle is dominant

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23
Q

why should we know the dominant hand and eye?

A

to know the “inherent bias” to minimize diagnostic inaccuracy

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24
Q

how can we minimize diagnostic inaccuracy

A

by knowing the inherent bias of hand and eye dominance

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25
Q

application of fingers to the surface of the skin or other tissues, using varying amounts of pressure, to selectively determine the condition of the parts beneath

A

palaption

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26
Q

diagnostic touching includes:

A

explanation of intention, nature of touching, its purpose, what the patient is likely to experience

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27
Q

feeling via psychomotor skills

A

detection

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28
Q

seeing structures being palpated and creating a visual mind-image

A

internal amplification

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29
Q

thinking and knowing functional anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology (between normal and abnormal)

A

analysis and interpretation

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30
Q

part of the hand that has the most touch (kinesthetic) nerve endings

A

finger pads

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31
Q

parts of the hand that are most sensitive to train and use for palpation

A

thumb and first two finger pads

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32
Q

part of the hand that senses temperature

A

free nerve endings

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33
Q

part of the hand that senses vibrations

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

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34
Q

part of the hand that senses 2-point discrimination

A

Meisner Corpuscle

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35
Q

part of the hand that senses stretch

A

Ruffini Corpuscle

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36
Q

part of the hand that senses degree of pressure

A

Merkel Disc

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37
Q

sensitive to pressure and vibration (rapidly adapting)

A

Pacinian Corpuscles-mechanoreceptor

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38
Q

sensitive to light touch and very sensitive to vibration (rapidly adapting)

A

Meissner Corpuscles-mechanoreceptor

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39
Q

sensitive to vibration (slow adapting); receptive to sustained response to pressure

A

Merkel Disc-mechanoreceptor

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40
Q

sensitive to stretch (slow adapting); registers degree changes in joint position, and registers thermal changes for prolonged periods of time

A

Ruffini Terminals

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41
Q

what can you observe with very light touch

A
  • temperature
  • texture / topography
  • thickness
  • elasticity
  • moistness (sweat gland)
  • oiliness (sebaceous gland)
  • tone
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42
Q

what can be found throughout the body’s tissues

A
  • shape
  • irritability
  • tissue tension
  • tenderness
  • motion
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43
Q

use this part of the hand when checking temperature

A

dorsum of hand and volar aspect of wrist

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44
Q

use the dorsum of hand and volar aspect of wrist to test

A

temperature

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45
Q

planes of motion: bowing forward

A

sagittal plane

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46
Q

planes of motion: jumping jacks

A

coronal (frontal)

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47
Q

planes of motion: trunk twist

A

transverse (horizonal/axial)

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48
Q

superior

A

cranial

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49
Q

inferior

A

caudal

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50
Q

posterior

A

dorsal

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51
Q

anterior

A

ventral

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52
Q

top to bottom anterior mid-gravity line

A 
glabella
symphysis menti
episternal notch
mid-sternum
xyphoid process
umbilicus
pubic symphysis
mid-heel point
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53
Q

top to bottom posterior mid-gravity line

A 
inion
spinous processes of
- cervical vertebrae
- thoracic vertebrae
- lumbar vertebrae
- sacral vertebrae
gluteal crease
mid-heel point
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54
Q

anterior landmarks

A

coracoid process
clavicle
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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55
Q

posterior landmarks

A 
vertebra prominens (C7)
scapular spine
medial border scapula
interior angle scapula
iliac crest
posterior superior iliac spine

acromion
greater tubercle humerus
greater trochanter femur

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56
Q

top to bottom lateral mid-gravity line

A

external auditory meatus (canal)
greater tuberosity of humerus (on lateral head)

(radiographic observation only)

  • mid-body of L3
  • sacral promontory (anterior 3rd of sacrum)

greater trochanter of femur
lateral condyle of knee
lateral malleolus

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57
Q

use the 5 models in patient assessment and treatment for

A
  • adaptation to stressors

- recovery and repair from illness and disease

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58
Q

reflects numerous signs relating to internal diseases

A

musculoskeletal system

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59
Q

provides framework for interpreting significance of somatic dysfunction within context of objective and subjective clinical information

A

5 Models

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60
Q

5 Models provides framework for interpreting significance of

A

somatic dysfunction

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61
Q

2006

A

WHO recognized osteopathic 5 model concept

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62
Q

the 5 models include:

A
  • Biomechanical
  • Respiratory-Circulatory
  • Neurological
  • Metabolic-Energy
  • Behavioral
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63
Q

postural muscles, spine, extremities

A

anatomical correlates of biomechanical model

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64
Q

thoracic inlet, thoracic and pelvic diaphragms, tentorium cerebelli, costal cage

A

anatomical correlates of respiratory-circulatory model

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65
Q

internal organs, endocrine glands

A

anatomical correlates of metabolic-energy model

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66
Q

head (special sensing organs), brain, spinal cord, ANS, peripheral nerves

A

anatomical correlates of neurological model

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67
Q

brain

A

anatomical correlate of behavioral model

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68
Q

posture and motion

A

physiological function of biomechanical model

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69
Q

respiration, circulation, venous and lymphatic drainage

A

physiological function of respiratory-circulatory model

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70
Q

metabolic processes, homeostasis, energy balance, regulatory processes

A

physiological function of metabolic-energy model

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71
Q

control, coordination and integration of body functions

A

physiological function of neurological model

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72
Q

psychological and social activities

A

physiological function of behavioral model

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73
Q

digestion, absorption of nutrients, removal of waste

A

physiological function of metabolic-energy model

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74
Q

immunological activities, inflammation and repair

A

physiological function of metabolic-energy model

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75
Q

reproduction

A

physiological function of metabolic-energy model

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76
Q

protective mechanisms

A

physiological function of neurological model

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77
Q

sensation

A

physiological function of neurological model

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78
Q

habits

A

physiological function of behavioral model

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79
Q

values, beliefs, attitudes

A

physiological function of behavioral model

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80
Q

objective: optimize patient’s adaptive potential through restoring structural integrity and function

A

biomechanical model

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81
Q

objective: affect patient’s adaptive response and total homeostatic (health) potential

addresses dysfunction in respiratory mechanics, circulation, flow of body fluids

A

respiratory-circulatory model

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82
Q

central neural control, CSF fluid flow, pulmonary and cardiovascular function

A

central processes of the respiratory-circulatory model

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83
Q

arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage

A

peripheral processes of the respiratory-circulatory model

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84
Q

objective: focuses on impairments of neural function caused by pathophysiologic responses and the relationship btwn somatic/visceral autonomic systems

focus on reduction of mechanical stresses, balance of neural inputs, elimination of nociceptive drive

A

neurological model

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85
Q

objective: maintain balance between energy production, distribution, and expenditure

addresses dysfunction that can dysregulate production, distribution, or expenditure of energy; increase allostatic load; interfere with immunological and endocrine regulatory functions

A

metabolic-energy model

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86
Q

objective: improve body’s ability to effectively manage, compensate, or adapt to stressors

A

behavioral model

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87
Q

capable of modulating homeostatic rhythms; effecting appropriate changes necessary for promoting survival

A

neuroendocrine-immune system

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88
Q

greater pain sensation

A

primary hyperalgesia

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89
Q

non-noxious stimuli elicits sensation of pain

A

allodynia

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90
Q

most responsive system to novel or unwanted stimuli (somatic, visceral, emotional dysfunctions)

A

arousal system

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91
Q

prepares body for defense by facilitating healing, suppressing pain pathways, and modulating immune system

A

neuroendocrine-immune network

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92
Q

tendency of body to seek and maintain a condition of balance/equilibrium within its internal environment

A

homeostasis

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93
Q

maintenance of stability through change

A

allostasis

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94
Q

suppresses levels of allostatic compounds to return body to normal function

A

feedback control systems

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95
Q

convergence of multiple pathways on a common mechanism facilitate summation of differing drives to obtain

A

a more intense response

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96
Q

trauma or injury including somatic dysfunction

A

somatic stressors

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97
Q

traumatic injury, infection, or inflammation of visceral organs (subtle, diet-related events)

A

visceral stressors

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98
Q

stress response

A

emotional stressors

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99
Q

frequent activation of stress response damages the body chronically through activation of

A

hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis

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100
Q

price paid for chronic exposure to stress-mediated neuroendocrine adaptations

A

allostatic load

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101
Q

long term activation of allostatic mechanism leads to

A

gradual destruction of organ systems

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102
Q

gradual loss of effectivess of feedback pathways reestablish

A

normal homeostasis

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103
Q

degenerative and inflammatory disease

correlated to increased occurrence of cardiovascular risk

memory and depression (CNS)

multiple, complex effects on immune system

A

disease processes affected by allostatic load

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104
Q

less room for further adaptation in compensated state (structural/metabolic) to increased or new stressor

A

chronic compensatory state

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105
Q

observation of skin, static landmarks, asymmetry

A

static postural exam (OSE)

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106
Q

gait, range of motion (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, ribs, sacrum), special tests

A

dynamic postural exam (OSE)

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107
Q

designed to determine rapidly where the most significant somatic dysfunctions reside

sensitive to the discovery of the presence of dysfunction, but not specific for tissues responsible for creating/maintaining dysfunction

A

OSE

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108
Q

movement produced voluntarily by the patient

A

active motion

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109
Q

motion that induced by the practitioner while patient remains relaxed

A

passive motion

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110
Q

patient actively fully abducts both arms in coronal plane over head (physician stands in front or behind)

A

overhead upper extremity quick test

111
Q

patient raises arms 90 degrees and squats down as far as possible with feet flat on the floor (physician stands with posterolateral view)

A

squat test

112
Q

what is a positive squat test

A

patients heels lifting off the floor and patient unable to bend knees past 90 degrees

113
Q

thumbs under surface of PSIS, patient bends forward with legs straight, follow PSIS movement

A

standing flexion test

114
Q

side of pelvis restriction

A

PSIS stops moving superiorly last (standing flexion)

115
Q

side of sacrum restriction

A

PSIS stops moving superiorly last (seated flexion)

116
Q

___ is the process of enabling individuals, groups, or societies to ___ over and to ___ their physical, mental, social, and spiritual health.

This could be reached by ___ and societies characterized of ___ and ___ who are able to ___ internal and external resources, ___ and ___ them to ___, to ___, and to ___ or ___ with ___ in a ___

A

Salutogenesis:

health/life promotion; increase control; improve

creating environments; clear structures; empowering environments; active participating subjects; identify; use; reuse; realize aspirations; satisfy needs; perceive meaningfulness; change; cope; the environment; health promoting manner

117
Q

goals of osteopathic care include:

A

remove restrictions or optimize function

118
Q

impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system; skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structure, and related vascular, lymphatic and neural elements

A

somatic dysfunction

119
Q

of, relating to, or affecting the body, especially as distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the environment; corporeal or physical

A

somatic

120
Q

abnormal or impaired functioning, especially of a bodily system or organ

A

dysfunction

121
Q

somatic dysfunction that maintains a total pattern of dysfunction including other key lesions

A

primary somatic dysfunction

122
Q

primary somatic dysfunction is the initial somatic dysfunction to appear

A

temporally

123
Q

somatic dysfunction arising in response from a primary somatic dysfunction

A

secondary somatic dysfunction

124
Q

somatic dysfunction arising as a consequence of other etiology

A

secondary somatic dysfunction

125
Q

impairment or altered function of related components of the body framework system that is characterized in early states by one or more of the following: pain, erythema, palpable sense of relative warmth, moisture and bogginess, vasodilation, edema, tenderness, and tissue contraction (TART)

A

acute somatic dysfunction

126
Q

impairment or altered function of long-standing duration of related components of the body framework system characterized by one or more of the following: itching, paresthesias, palpable sense of tissue dryness, coolness, tissue contracture, fibrosis, tenderness and pallor

A

chronic somatic dysfunction

127
Q

increased temperature, boggy/rough texture, increased moisture, board-like/rigid tension, greatest tenderness, edema, congested vessels

A

acute tissue texture changes

128
Q

slight increase or decrease in temperature, thin/smooth texture, dry, ropy/stringy tension, present or absent tenderness, neovascularization of vessels

A

chronic tissue texture changes

129
Q

red, hot, swollen, pain, decreased function

A

acute

130
Q

white, cool, thin, ?pain, decreased function

A

chronic

131
Q

TART stands for:

A

T - tissue texture abnormality
A - asymmetry
R - restriction of motion
T - tenderness

132
Q

limit of passive range of motion; point past which tissue disruption occurs

A

anatomic barrier

133
Q

limit of active motion; as far as the patient can go without assistance

A

physiologic barrier

134
Q

range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption

A

elastic barrier

135
Q

functional limit (within the anatomic range of motion) that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range

A

restrictive barrier

136
Q

restriction of joint motion associated with a pathologic change of tissues

A

pathologic barrier

137
Q

joint restriction, muscular contracture, ischemic contracture, fascia

A

causes of restrictive barrier

138
Q

any limitation of movement before the physiologic barrier establishes a restrictive barrier

A

pathologic barrier

139
Q

irritation and neuro-circulatory changes (red reflex) indicate somatic dysfunction

A

erythema friction rub

140
Q

flexion: ___ movement in a ___ plane about a(n) ___ axis

A

anterior; sagittal; transverse

141
Q

extension: ___ movement in a ___ plane about a(n) ___ axis

A

posterior; sagittal; transverse

142
Q

sidebending: movement in a ___ plane about a(n) ___ axis

A

coronal; anterior-posterior

143
Q

rotation: movement in a ___ plane about a(n) ___ axis

A

transverse; vertical

144
Q

motion of a vertebrae is described relative to

A

the vertebrae below it

145
Q

motion reference point is on the ___ and ___ part of the ___

A

superior; anterior-most; vertebral body

146
Q

motion is limited by the orientation of the

A

zygapophyseal joints

147
Q

A point of tissue or articular balance from which all motions physiologic to that structure may take place

A

neutral

148
Q

The range of sagittal plane spinal positioning in which the facets are not yet engaged

A

neutral

149
Q

Facets articulatory surfaces are stretched away from each other, termed “open”

A

flexion

150
Q

Facet articulatory surfaces are pushed into each other, termed “closed”

A

extension

151
Q

Fryette’s Principle:

I. when the thoracic and lumbar spine are in ___ position, the coupled motions of ___ and ___ for a ___ are such that both motions occur in ___ directions

A

neutral; sidebending; rotation; group of vertebrae; opposite

152
Q

Fryette’s Principle:

II. when the thoracic and lumbar spine are ___ or ___, the coupled motions of ___ and ___ in a ___ occur in the ___ direction

A

sufficiently forward; backward bent (non-neutral); sidebending; rotation; single vertebral unit; same

153
Q

Fryette’s Principle:

III. initiating motion of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in

A

other planes of motion

154
Q

Type 1 ___ (Fryette’s)

in a ___ position, if one direction of motion is introduced, sidebending or rotation will occur in the ___ direction

A

mechanics

neutral; opposite

155
Q

Type 1 ___ (Fryette’s)

tends to occur in ___ of ___ consecutive vertebrae

A

somatic dysfunction

groups; 3+

156
Q

Type 2 ___ (Fryette’s)

when a ___ thoracic or lumbar vertebral unit flexes or extends beyond the ___ position the coupled motions of sidebending and rotation occur in the ___ direction

A

mechanics

single; neutral; same

157
Q

acute process maintained by restrictions in short paraspinal muscles

A

Type 2 somatic dysfunctions

158
Q

If motion is restricted in any one direction, the other two directions will be restricted as well

A

Fryette’s 3rd Principle

159
Q

dysfunctions that can exist within a Type I segmental group curve

A

Type II segmental

160
Q

describe a dysfunctional segment

A

Type 2 mechanics

161
Q

describe either a dysfunctional group curve or normal physiologic motion of the spine with rotation and sidebending in opposite directions while moving in a neutral plane

A

Type I mechanics

162
Q

multiple segments, opposite sidebending/rotation, neutral spine, lateral curve appearance, gradual onset

A

Type I mechanics

163
Q

single segment, same sidebending/rotation, flexion or extension spine, flattening or exaggeration of anteroposterior curve appearance, abrupt onset

A

Type II mechanics

164
Q

Somatic dysfunction is maintained by the facet joint itself; often accompanied by a reflex muscle guarding response that will not relax until the articular “lock” is release

A

Arthrodial restrictions

165
Q

hypertonicity causes asymmetry and restricted motion

A

muscular restrictions

166
Q

muscle restriction that crosses one vertebral segment/joint and alters position and motion of a single vertebra (type II)

A

short restrictor muscles

167
Q

deep segmental spinal muscles

A

short restrictor muscles

168
Q

muscle restriction that crosses more than one vertebral segment/joint and alters position and motion of groups of vertebrae (type I)

A

long restrictor muscles

169
Q

intermediate spinal muscles

A

long restrictor muscles

170
Q

variable (type I or II) and often painful

A

superficial muscles

171
Q

causes fascial distention that leads to pain and guarding

A

edema

172
Q

causes less slack (“give”) in the tissues

A

edema

173
Q

increased local fluid

A

edema

174
Q

Rule of 3s

A

Thoracic Spine:

T1-3: spinous and transverse at same level

T4-6: spinous is 1/2 level below transverse

T7-9: spinous is one full v level below transverse

T10: one full

T11: 1/2

T12: same

175
Q

somatic dysfunctions are named for the ___, not the ___

A

direction of ease; restriction

176
Q

one transverse process is superficial, other is deep

A

rotation

177
Q

one transverse process is superior (further away) from transverse below it, and one will be inferior (closer)

A

sidebending

178
Q

engage the restrictive barrier

A

direct techniques

179
Q

disengage the restrictive barrier

A

indirect techniques

180
Q

treatment that is both direct and indirect, and both active and passive

A

myofascial release

181
Q

treatment that is direct and passive

A

soft tissue technique

182
Q

tissues that connect, support, or surround structures and organs of the body (connective and non connective tissue)

A

soft tissue

183
Q

tendons, ligaments, fascia, fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes

A

connective tissue

184
Q

muscles, nerves, blood vessels

A

non-connective tissue

185
Q

direct technique that involves kneading, stretching, deep pressure, traction and/or inhibition while monitoring tissue response and motion changes by palpation

A

soft tissue technique

186
Q

hypertonic muscles, excessive tension in fascial structures, abnormal vicerosomatic / somatosomatic / somatovisceral reflexes

any clinical conditions that would benefit from improving circulation

A

indications for soft tissue technique

187
Q

lack of patient consent and/or cooperation

A

absolute contraindications for soft tissue technique

188
Q

caution for local applications/ the area being tested (fractures, open wounds, etc)

A

relative contraindications for soft tissue technique

189
Q

Traction, Linear stretching, Lateral stretching, Deep pressure

A

principles of soft tissue technique

190
Q

sustained linear force acting to draw structures apart

A

traction

191
Q

origin and insertion of the myofascial structures are longitudinally separated

A

traction

192
Q

traction is the sustained ___ force acting to draw structures apart; origin and insertion of the myofascial structures are ___ separated

A

linear; longitudinally

193
Q

linear and lateral stretching consist of a rhythmic, ___ motion

A

kneading

194
Q

direction of force is applied parallel to the long axis of the structure

A

linear stretching

195
Q

origin and insertion are stationary, central portion is stretched perpendicularly to the long axis (bowstring)

A

lateral stretching

196
Q

sustained inhibitory pressure over a hypertonic myofascial

A

deep pressure

197
Q

stroking movement used to move fluid

A

effleurage

198
Q

deep kneading or squeezing action to express fluid

A

petrissage and skin rolling

199
Q

striking the belly of a muscle with the hypothenar edge of the open hand in rapid succession in an attempt to increase its tone and arterial perfusion

A

tapotement

200
Q

a myofascial release massage technique used to break adhesive bands from the skin to deeper tissue

A

skin rolling

201
Q

A-P curves

A

kyphosis and lordosis

202
Q

lateral curves

A

paravertebral humping

203
Q

performed passively for upper thoracics (T1-4) use head and neck, lower thoracics (T5-12) use shoulder and torso

A

thoracic segmental motion testing

204
Q

backward bending position

A

sphinx position

205
Q

treatment force applied to correct a somatic dysfunction

A

activating force

206
Q

treatment force external to the patient

A

extrinsic force

207
Q

voluntary or involuntary force from within the patient that assists in the manipulative treatment process

A

intrinsic force

208
Q

nature’s tendency toward balance and homeostasis

A

inherent force

209
Q

technique with more emphasis on extrinsic/intrinsic forces, with limited range of applicability in patients with comorbidities and low levels of vitality

A

direct technique

210
Q

treatment with more emphasis on inherent forces, with wide range of applicability in patients of all ages and levels of health

A

indirect technique

211
Q

A direct treatment method which the patient’s muscles are employed upon request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a distinctly executed physician counterforce

A

muscle energy technique (MET)

212
Q

A group of direct techniques that usually involve lateral stretching, linear stretching, deep pressure, traction &/or separation of muscle origin and insertion while monitoring tissue response and motion changes by palpation.

A

soft tissue technique

213
Q

An osteopathic method in which the restrictive barrier is engaged in one or more planes or motion and then a rapid, therapeutic force of brief duration traveling a short distance is applied within the anatomic range of motion of a joint.

A

high velocity low amplitude (HVLA)

214
Q

thrust treatment method

A

high velocity low amplitude (HVLA)

215
Q

A direct treatment method employing a low velocity/moderate to high amplitude force applied to a dysfunctional joint through either A repetitive springing motion or A single movement of the joint through the restrictive barrier

A

articulatory low velocity high amplitude (LVHA)

216
Q

A treatment method which utilizes continual palpatory feedback to alleviate restriction of the somatic dysfunction and its related fascia and musculature.

A

myofascial release (MFR)

217
Q

The dysfunctional myofascial tissues are loaded and restrictive barrier is engaged with a constant force

A

direct MFR

218
Q

The dysfunctional myofascial tissues are loaded and then guided toward the position of greatest ease

A

indirect MFR

219
Q

a generalized term for the sheets and layers of connective tissue that envelop specific structures and segregate one structure, organ, or area from another

A

fascia

220
Q

outermost later, just underlying the epidermis and dermis; contains adipose tissue

A

superficial / pannicular fascia

221
Q

surrounds muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments, and aponeuroses of the body; creates tubes of fascia surrounding muscles; connects torso to the extremities

A

deep / investing (axial and appendicular) fascia

222
Q

surrounds the neural structures (dura, arachnoid, pia maters); terminates into the epineurium of peripheral nerves

A

meningeal fascia

223
Q

surrounds body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

A

visceral fascia

224
Q

packaging, protection, position, passageways

A

function of fascia

225
Q

divides body into compartments

A

packaging

226
Q

stabilizes structures and establishes limits of motion

A

protection

227
Q

contain proprioceptors that sense movement

A

positioning

228
Q

75% of proprioception occurs in

A

fascial sheaths

229
Q

25% of proprioception occurs in

A

ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, and muscle spindle activity

230
Q

channel for arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics to pass through

A

passageways

231
Q

release of energy

A

hysteresis

232
Q

“The fascia is the place to look for the cause of disease and the place to consult and begin the action of remedies in all diseases”

A

AT Still

233
Q

looseness, ease, freedom

A

compliance

234
Q

stiffness, tightness, binding

A

restriction

235
Q

palpable resistance to motion of an articulation or tissue

A

bind

236
Q

relative palpable freedom of motion of an articulation or tissue

A

ease

237
Q

the capacity of fascia and other tissue to lengthen when subjected to a constant tension load resulting in less resistance to a second load application

A

creep

238
Q

thoracic inlet/outlet MFR

A

“steering wheel”

239
Q

direct and active technique

A

muscle energy

240
Q

somatic dysfunction of myofascial origin or of articular origin

A

primary muscle energy indication

241
Q

improve local circulation and respiratory function; balance neuromuscular relationships by altering muscle tone; increase tone in hypotonic or weak muscles

A

secondary muscle energy indication

242
Q

fracture or dislocation in region being treated

A

absolute contraindication

243
Q

moderate to severe strains, severe osteoporosis, severe illness

A

relative contraindications

244
Q

the point where the restrictive barrier is just beginning to be engaged

A

feather’s edge

245
Q

the point where the practitioner just begins to palpate the tension in the tissues

A

feather’s edge

246
Q

muscle energy procedures

A

“3 to 5” rule

  • ounces of force
  • seconds
  • times repeated
247
Q

muscle energy technique Reduces ___ activity in the tight muscle by activating ___

A

extrafusal muscle mass; Golgi stretch reflexes;

248
Q

muscle energy technique inhibits/resets the ___ to the ___

A

gamma gain; muscle spindles

249
Q

Contraction of agonist muscle causes reciprocal inhibition of antagonist, allowing antagonist to relax and lengthen, so joint motion can occur under influence of agonist

A

reflex inhibition (relaxation) of antagonist

250
Q

Golgi tendon apparatus, in series with extrafusal muscle fibers, senses muscle tension

Active contraction of muscle (such as in an isometric fashion with MET) increases tension on Golgi tendon apparatus, resulting in reflex relaxation of that agonist muscle in the post-isometric period

A

golgi receptor reflex inhibition of agonist

251
Q

This post-isometric period allows the opportunity for passive stretching of tightened muscles, returning them to normal resting length

A

neuromuscular refractory period post contraction (Mitchell’s view)

252
Q

Activation of muscles used to move a dysfunctional segment back into alignment

A

“rope and pulley” mechanism

253
Q

Under a fixed tension, the distance between muscle’s origin & insertion is unchanged

A

isometric muscle contraction

254
Q

most common type of muscle contraction used in MET

A

isometric

255
Q

While a contracting muscle, under a constant load, experiences a decrease in the distance between that muscle’s origin & insertion points (approximation)

A

concentric isotonic muscle contraction

256
Q

patient “wins,” muscles shorten

A

concentric isotonic muscle contraction

257
Q

physician “wins,” muscles lengthen

A

eccentric isotonic muscle contraction

258
Q

While a contracting muscle, under a constant load, experiences an increase in the distance between that muscle’s origin & insertion points (separation)

A

eccentric isotonic muscle contraction

259
Q

under an external tension greater than the intrinsic muscle force, the distance between muscle’s origin and insertion is increased

A

isolytic muscle contraction

260
Q

MET to accomplish muscle relaxation

A

post-isometric relaxation

261
Q

MET to lengthen a muscle shortened by cramp or acute spasm

A

reciprocal inhibition

262
Q

MET to augment a corrective force toward a restrictive barrier

A

respiratory assistance

263
Q

“a release enhancing maneuver”

A

respiratory assistance

264
Q

MET to affect reflex muscle contractions using eye motion

A

oculocephalogyric reflex

265
Q

enables humerus to achieve 180 abduction

A

sternoclavicular joint

266
Q

saddle shaped joint made up of the medial end of the clavicle, manubrium of sternum, and cartilage of first rib

A

sternoclavicular joint

267
Q

joints with cartilaginous articular disc

A

sternoclavicular joint

268
Q

only attachment for upper extremity to axial skeleton

A

sternoclavicular joint

269
Q

made up of the acromion process of scapula and lateral edge of clavicle

A

acomioclavicular joint

270
Q

radius “crosses over” ulna

A

pronation

271
Q

radiocarpal > midcarpal joint

A

flexion

272
Q

midcarpal > radiocarpal joint

A

extension

273
Q

glenohumeral joint treatment

A

spencer technique

274
Q

stages of spencer technique

A

Extension
Flexion
Circumduction Compression

Circumduction Traction
Abduction, Adduction/External Rotation
Internal Rotation
Distraction in Abduction (Joint Pump)

OPP - OMS I (1 decks)

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