Opposition: Idead And Ideologies

Question 1

What happened in 1895?

Answer 1

Nicholas rejected a Peterson from the Zemstvo calling for a national advisory body

Question 2

What happened in 1896

Answer 2

Shipov tired to set up an all zemstvo organisation

Question 3

What happened in 1899

Answer 3

Some radical liberals established the symposium which met secretly to discuss reform

Question 4

What happened in 1900

Answer 4

Hundreds of liberals were dismissed from the elected boards of zemstva

Question 5

What happened in 1903

Answer 5

Struve helped found the union of liberation this pushed for a constitutional system through which urban workers could campaign legally to improve

Question 6

What was founded in 1899

Answer 6

The SRs and this was a loose organisation comprising groups with a wide variety of views

Question 7

Outline the SR party

Answer 7

• combined Marxist teaching with populist ideas
• tried to unite peasants and workers in the fight against autocracy and for land redistribution
• attempted to stir up discontent in the countryside
• assassinated Stolypin
• played an active role in the 1905 revolution

Question 8

Who supported the SRS ?

Answer 8

50% of its support came from the working class with a large peasant membership

Secret police infiltrated the movement and over 4000 were sentenced to death

Question 9

What did the SDs believe in

Answer 9

The working classes has been and we’re being exploited by their masters

Future of Russia would be the product of class struggle

Impetus for change had to come from the working men

Question 10

What spilt happened in 1903

Answer 10

Bolsheviks Menshevik spilt

Question 11

Outline the Bolsheviks

Answer 11

Led by Lenin

Believed in a centralised and disciplined organisation of professional revolutionaries

A total dedication to Revolution, not comprised by political alliances

Question 12

Outline the Mensheviks

Answer 12

Led by Martov
Supported by Trotsky

Believed in
- abroad party with a mass working-class membership

• Cooperation with liberal parties

Question 13

What happened in the 1903 second congress

Answer 13

Lennon carried the vote in favour of having a centralised party structure, and claimed that his supporters were in the majority

Question 14

What was legalised after the 1905 revolutions

Answer 14

Trade unions

Question 15

How were trade unions repressed

Answer 15

• hundreds of trade unions were close down all denied frustration after 1906
  -In 1912, the shooting of unarmed demonstrators at the Lena goldfields massacre triggered a wave of strikes
  -In practice, only 12% of enterprises experienced a strike

Question 16

How did the concessions of 1905-06 helped to reduce opposition

Answer 16

Moderate liberal opposition tried to cooperate with the Duma system and hope for the constitution reform

After 1905, there was no single strong opposition among the nationalities

Question 17

What were the SRs and SD parties weakened by?

Answer 17

The exile of the leaders

The rivalry between the SR and SD party

The split between SD

Ideological divisions and disagreements over how to respond to the 1905 to feet

Question 18

Who succeeded?

Answer 18

The Bolsheviks succeeded in sending six workers deputies to the fourth, Duma in 1912, and then newspaper enjoyed a high circulation 

Question 19

How was Bolsheviks support limited

Answer 19

Membership declined after 1905, and both SR and ST organisations survived at a local level only