Ops A Definitions

Question 1

Accelerate-Stop Distance Available

Answer 1

The length of the take off run available plus the length of stopway capable of bearing the mass of the aeroplane.

Question 2

Adult

Answer 2

A male or female at the age of 12 years or above.

Question 3

Aerodrome

Answer 3

A defined area on land or water intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of an aircraft.

Question 4

Aerodrome elevation

Answer 4

The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.

Question 5

Air Operator Certificate

Answer 5

A certificate authorizing an operator to carry out specified commercial air transport operations.

Question 6

Alerting Service

Answer 6

A service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist in such organisations as required.

Question 7

Alternate aerodrome

Answer 7

An aerodrome to which an aircraft should proceed when it become either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or land at the aerodrome of intended landing.

Question 8

Altitude

Answer 8

The vertical distance of a level or object measured from sea level.

Question 9

Apron

Answer 9

A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purpose of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fueling, parking or maintenance.

Question 10

Aquaplaning (or hydroplaning)

Answer 10

A situation where the tires of the aircraft, to a large extent, are separated from the runway surface by a thin fluid film.

Question 11

Braking action

Answer 11

A report of the conditions of the airport movement areas, providing pilots the quality or degree of braking that should be expected. Braking action is reported in terms of: good, medium to good, medium, medium to poor, poor, nil or unreliable.

Question 12

Children

Answer 12

Person who are of an age of two years or above but who are less than 12 years of age.

Question 13

Circling

Answer 13

Not an approved approach procedure. The visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight-in approach.

Question 14

Commander/PIC

Answer 14

The captain designated by the operator responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time. He may delegate the conduct of the flight to another qualified pilot.

Question 15

Commercial operations

Answer 15

Flights conducted for the carriage of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.

Question 16

Contaminated runway

Answer 16

A runway is considered to be contaminated when more than 25% of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered by the following:

• surface water of more than 3mm, or slush, or loose snow equivalent to 3mm of water, or
• snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into further lumps if picked up (compacted snow), or
• ice, including wet ice.

Question 17

Contingency fuel

Answer 17

A quantity of fuel carried to compensate for items such as:

• deviation of an individual aircraft from expected fuel consumption data
• deviations from forecast meteorological conditions
• deviations from planned routing and or cruising levels/altitudes

Question 18

Critical phases of flight

Answer 18

Those portions of operations involving taxiing, takeoff and landing and all flight operations below 10,000ft, except cruise flight.

Question 19

Damp runway

Answer 19

A runway is considered damp when the surface is not dry, but when the moisture on it does not give it a shiny appearance.

Question 20

Dispatch

Answer 20

Dispatch is defined as the time the parking brake is released prior to commencing pushback or taxi.

Question 21

Dry runway

Answer 21

A dry runway is one which is neither wet nor contaminated, and includes those paved runways which have specifically been prepared with grooves or porous pavement and maintained to retain “effectively dry” braking action even when moisture is present.

Question 22

Elevation

Answer 22

A point as measured from sea level

Question 23

Extended over water operations

Answer 23

An operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 50nm from the nearest shoreline.

Question 24

Fail-operational flight control system

Answer 24

A flight control system is fail-operational if, in the event of a failure below alert height, the approach, flare and landing can be completed automatically. In the event of a failure the system will operate as a fail-passive system.

Question 25

Fail-passive flight control system

Answer 25

A flight control system is fail-passive if, in the event of a failure, there is no significant out-of-trim condition or deviation from flight path or attitude but the landing is not completed automatically. For a fail-passive automatic flight control system the pilot assumes control of the aeroplane after a failure.

Question 26

Flight control system

Answer 26

A system which includes and automatic landing system.

Question 27

Friction coefficient

Answer 27

Relationship between the friction force acting on the wheel and the normal force on the wheel. The normal force depends on the weight of the aircraft and the lift of the wings.

Question 28

Glide path

Answer 28

A descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approach.

Question 29

Ground visibility

Answer 29

The visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by and accredited observer.

Question 30

Infant

Answer 30

A person who is less than two years of age.

Question 31

Low visibility procedures

Answer 31

Procedures applied at an aerodrome for the purpose of ensuring safe operations during CAT II and III approaches and Low Visibility Takeoffs.

Question 32

Low visibility takeoff

Answer 32

A takeoff where the RVR is less than 400m.

Question 33

Missed approach procedure

Answer 33

The procedure to be followed if the approach cannot be continued.

Question 34

Net flight path

Answer 34

Gross/actual takeoff flight flight path minus a mandatory reduction: - 0.8% for two engine aircraft - 1.0% for four engine aircraft The net flight path needs to clear all obstacles by 35ft.

Question 35

Gross/actual flight path

Answer 35

Takeoff flight path actually flown by the aircraft.

Question 36

Night

Answer 36

The time between the end of ECT and the beginning of MCT. ECT begins when the center of the suns disc is 6 degrees below the horizon. MCT begins when the center of the suns disc is 6 degrees below the horizon.

Question 37

Non-precision approach

Answer 37

Instrument approach with lateral guidance only. Descent limit the MDA. LOC, VOR, LDA, LOC_BC, RNP APCH down to LNAV minima are all non-precision approaches.

Question 38

Precision approach

Answer 38

Instrument approach with lateral and vertical guidance from the FAP to the runway touchdown zone, with system accuracy, integrity and obstacle clearance guaranteed until the descent limit is reached. ILS, MLS, GLS, SBAS CAT 1 and PAR are precision approaches.

Question 39

Required Navigation Performance

Answer 39

A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operations within a defined airspace.

Question 40

Slush

Answer 40

Water saturated snow which will splatter. Specific gravity of 0.5 to 0.8.

Question 41

Snow (on the ground)

Answer 41

- Dry snow: can be blown or falls apart when released. SG of up to but not incl 0.35. - Wet snow: sticks together. SG of 0.35 up to but not incl 0.5 - Compacted snow: resists further compression. SG of 0.5 or above

Question 42

Stabilized approach

Answer 42

An approach without speed of configuration changes during final approach. 1000ft IMC 500ft VMC - On correct lateral and vertical flight path - In desired landing config - Thrust is stabilized and at target speed - No excessive flight parameter deviations.

Question 43

Taxiing

Answer 43

Movement of aircraft under its own power excluding takeoff and landing.

Question 44

Visual approach

Answer 44

An approach when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain.

Question 45

Wet runway

Answer 45

A runway is considered wet when the surface is covered with water, or equivalent, less than 3mm or when there is sufficient moisture on the runway to cause is to appear reflective, but without significant areas of standing water.