OPT2 - P3 (SHARA)

Question 1

Motion repeating at regular intervals (e.g., swings, waves).

Answer 1

Periodic Motion

Question 2

Specific periodic motion where an object oscillates around an equilibrium point. Example: Pendulum

Answer 2

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

Question 3

A weight swinging freely from a fixed point under gravity’s influence.

Answer 3

Pendulum

Question 4

Distance from the suspension point to the bob’s center.

Answer 4

Length (l)

Question 5

Time for one complete oscillation.

Answer 5

Period (T)

Question 6

Oscillations per second (reciprocal of period).

Answer 6

Frequency (F)

Question 7

Distance traveled from equilibrium to one side.

Answer 7

Linear Displacement (x)

Question 8

Angle from equilibrium to one side.

Answer 8

Angular Displacement (θ)

Question 9

Vibrations transferring energy.

Answer 9

Waves

Question 10

Require a medium to travel (e.g., sound, water waves).

Answer 10

Mechanical Waves

Question 11

Don’t require a medium (e.g., light, radio waves).

Answer 11

Electromagnetic Waves

Question 12

Ordered by frequency, from lowest to highest: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays.

Answer 12

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 13

Transfer energy through a medium or via electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 13

Progressive Waves

Question 14

Remain in a fixed position.

Answer 14

Stationary Waves

Question 15

Oscillation perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

Answer 15

Transverse Waves

Question 16

Oscillation parallel to wave propagation.

Answer 16

Longitudinal Waves

Question 17

The study of light behavior.

Answer 17

Optics

Question 18

Deals with tracing light rays (e.g., reflection, refraction, image formation).

Answer 18

Geometrical Optics

Question 19

“When the light is reflected from a smooth reflecting surface, the angle and its reflected ray makes with the normal surface is equal to the angle of the incident makes with the surface normal.”

Answer 19

Reflection

Question 20

Ratio of light speed in a vacuum (c) to speed in a medium (v): n = c/v.

Answer 20

Index of Refraction

Question 21

Light rays converge at a point, can be projected onto a screen, inverted.

Answer 21

Converging (Convex)

Question 22

Thinner in the center, diverging light rays.

Answer 22

Diverging (Concave)

Question 23

Light rays converge at a point, can be projected onto a screen, inverted.

Answer 23

Real Images

Question 24

Light rays appear to diverge from a point, cannot be projected, upright.

Answer 24

Virtual Images

Question 25

Distortions in image formation due to lens/mirror limitations.

Answer 25

Aberrations

Question 26

Light rays from lens edges focusing differently than those near the center.

Answer 26

Spherical Aberration

Question 27

Unit of lens power, the inverse of focal length in meters (P = 1/f).

Answer 27

Dioptres (D)

Question 28

Study of energy, its transformations, and relationship to matter.

Answer 28

Thermodynamics

Question 29

Fixed mass, energy can cross boundaries.

Answer 29

Closed System

Question 30

Both mass and energy can cross boundaries.

Answer 30

Open System

Question 31

No interaction with surroundings.

Answer 31

Isolated System

Question 32

Internal energy (sensible, latent, chemical, atomic).

Answer 32

Macroscopic

Question 33

Defined by properties of a system.

Answer 33

State & Equilibrium:State

Question 34

No unbalanced forces within a system (thermal, mechanical, phase, chemical).

Answer 34

Equilibrium