Opthal/Derm/ENT

Question 1

What is age-related macular degeneration characterised by?

Answer 1

Drusen (lipid material that collects beneath retinal pigment epithelium)

Choroidal neovascularisation (wet AMD)

Geographic atrophy (dry AMD)

Question 2

Clinical features of age related macular degeneration

Answer 2

Blurred vision
Metamorphopsia - distorted vision, where straight lines (such as window blinds) appear crooked, wavy or bent.
Scotoma - black or grey patch appears in the central field of vision

Question 3

Progressive deafness and ringing in both ears. Audiometry shows bilateral loss of hearing at the higher frequencies.

Answer 3

Presbycusis

Question 4

Progressive conductive dwafness due to fixation of the stapes.

Answer 4

Otosclerosis.

Question 5

Where are branchial cysts located?

Answer 5

Solitary painless mass in the neck of a child or a young adult.

Question 6

What is a cystic hygroma?

Answer 6

arise from the jugular lymphatic sac. Occurs on the left side in the posterior triangle. soft painless masses that transilluminate brightly.

Question 7

What is a thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 7

Found in the midline, between the thyroid and the hyoid. Cyst moves upwards when the patient protrudes the tongue.

Question 8

Itchy subepidermal blisters on the elbows, scalps, shoulders and ankles strongly associated with coeliac disease.

Answer 8

Dermatitis herpetiformis.

Question 9

Lichen simplex

Answer 9

Thickening of the skin with variable scaling that arises secondary to repetitive scratching or rubbing,
Common cause is eczema.

Question 10

How does lichen simplex present?

Answer 10

Thickening of the skin with variable scaling that arises secondary to repetitive scratching or rubbing.

Localised dermarcated plaque usually with scaling, excoriations & lichenification (increased skin markings and thickened skin) on the surface.

Question 11

Lichen planus

Answer 11

Pruritic, papular eruption characterised by its violaceous colour.
Found on the flexor surfaces of the upper extremeties.

Question 12

Subacute visual loss, eye pain worse with eye movement and loss of colour vision (especially the colour red)

Answer 12

Optic neuritis.

Question 13

What eye condition is most commonly seen with MS

Answer 13

Optic neuritis

Question 14

What is uhtoff’s phenomenon?

Answer 14

Increased symptoms with hyperthermia

Question 15

How do you investigate for optic neuritis

Answer 15

MRI

Question 16

What is the most common malignancy in humans?

Answer 16

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 17

Features of BCC

Answer 17

Pearly nodule, non-healing sore.
Telangiectasia.

Question 18

What skin condition is associated with coeliac disease?

Answer 18

Dermatitis herpetiformis.

Itchy subepidermal blisters on the elbows, scalps, shoulders & ankles.

Question 19

What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

Answer 19

Causes Velvety, light-brown-to-black, markings.
Associated with gastric carcinoma, Hodgkins Lymphoma, acromegaly, Cushing’s and DM.

Question 20

Skin condition associated with polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 20

Livedo reticularis

Question 21

Symptoms of acoustic neuroma

Answer 21

Unilateral hearing loss
Assume any unilateral sensorineural hearing loss to be an acoustic neuroma until proven otherwise.
Other symptoms: headaches, tinnitus, vertigo, facial numbness and weakness.

Question 22

Deafness and bilateral painful ears following a plane flight?

Answer 22

Otic barotrauma (aerotitis).