Opthalmology

Question 1

Glaucoma?

Answer 1

optic neuropathy
> peripheral vision
> tunnel vision

Question 2

red painful eye and contact lense wearer?
CLARE

Answer 2

microbial keratitis ?

Urgent SD opthal referral

Ix: Slit lamp

Question 3

bacterial keratitis mx?

Answer 3

topical abs ; quinolones

cyclopentolate: PAIN mx

Question 4

how is anterior uveitis mx?

Answer 4

steroid

cycloplegic
> MYDRIATIC
> induce pupil dilation

Question 5

cycloplegics?

Answer 5

dilate pupil
atropine / cyclopentolate

helps in anterior uveitis

Question 6

painless red eye associated with lacrimation?

Answer 6

episcleritis

Question 7

Scleritis is?

Answer 7

painful red eye

transmural inflammation of sclera

Question 8

Mx of scleritis?

Answer 8

oral nsaids

Opthalmology referral : Same day

oral steroids
immunosuppresive

Question 9

acute angle closure glaucoma
Mx?

Answer 9

laser peripheral iridotomy

Question 10

age related macular degeneration?

Answer 10

central field loss

blurry vision
central scotoma

Question 11

macular degeneration

effective interventions?

Answer 11

stop smoking

VEGF: mitogen

Question 12

mx of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 12

intravitreal VEGF inhibitors and panretinal laser photocoagulation

Question 13

corneal abrasion mx?

Answer 13

topical antibiotics

Question 14

in diabetic retinopathy what do cotton wool spots represent?

Answer 14

retinal infarction

Question 15

complication of panretinal phtocoagulation?

Answer 15

decrease in night vision

Question 16

anterior uveitis features?

Answer 16

ciliary flush

hypopyion(pus)

small and irregular pupil ; irregular sphincter muscle contraction

Question 17

acute angle closure glaucoma features?

Answer 17

severe ocular pain
N+V

visual acuity is reduced from start

Question 18

peripheral retina contains mainly?

Answer 18

Rod cells responsible for night vision
so in panretinal photocoagulation potential s/e

Question 19

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 19

Moderate NPDR
> microaneurysm
blot
hard exudates
cotton wool spots

Question 20

Severe NPDR?

Answer 20

blot haemorrhages
microaneurysms
venous beading

Question 21

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 21

retinal neovascularisation
fibrous tissue formation

Question 22

central retinal vein occlusion features?

Answer 22

unilateral, painless loss of vision

widespread hyperaemia
retinal haemorrhages

Question 23

central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 23

painless, sudden loss of vision unilateral

RAPD
cherry red spot

Question 24

orbital cellulitis features?
IX?

Answer 24

medical emergency
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination

> severe ocular pain
proptosis
opthalmoplegia
eyelid oedema and ptosis

contrast enhance CT scan: posterior spread

Question 25

age related macular degeneration

Answer 25

drusen formation Amsler grid

Question 26

what is not a feature of Diabetic pre proliferative?

Answer 26

neovascularisation

Question 27

Wet macular degeneration carries the worst prognosis T/F?

Answer 27

true characterised by? choroidal neovascularisation

Question 28

orbital cellulitis mx?

Answer 28

admission IV abx to prevent cavernous sinus thrombosis and intracranial spread

Question 29

new onset floaters always mean?

Answer 29

retinal detachment > Opthal review in 24 hours

Question 30

why is myopia a feature of retinal detachment?

Answer 30

elongated shape puts more stress on the retina > detachment RF

Question 31

what suggests periorbital?

Answer 31

absence of painful movements / diplopia / visual impairment

Question 32

Blepharitis?

Answer 32

associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis inflammation of eyelid margins > meibomian fland >dry eyes

Question 33

MX of Blepharitis?

Answer 33

hot compress lid hygiene

Question 34

allergic keratitis Mx?

Answer 34

topical sodium cromoglicate mast cell stabiliser

Question 35

ischaemic optic neuritis is commonly due to

Answer 35

occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries

Question 36

posterior vitreous detachment?

Answer 36

flashes of light floaters

Question 37

Intravitreal vegf inhibitors

Answer 37

blocking VEGF protein that promotes angiogenesis