Opthalmology

Question 1

What is the cardinal symptoms of conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

discharge

Question 2

What is this?

Answer 2

conjunctivitis

Question 3

What is this?

Answer 3

Trichiasis

Question 4

What is this?

Answer 4

Entropion

Question 5

What is the differential for “something in my eye”?

Answer 5

• penetrating eye injury
• something in the eye
• entropion
• trichiasis
• early conjunctivitis

Question 6

What is the typical presentation of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

acute onset red, watery eye, which spreads to the other eye. History of viral illness/contact

preauricular lymphadenopathy!!!

Question 7

What is the most common virus to cause conjunctivitis?

Answer 7

adenovirus

Question 8

How to manage viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

self-limiting to 2-3 weeks (contagious in first 2)

use cold compresses and artifical tears

if vision loss. REFER!!!

Question 9

What is the typical presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 9

purulent discharge causing blurred vision, eyelids to be stuck together in the morning

Question 10

What is the management of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 10

topical chloramphenicol

OR

fucidic acid drops

Question 11

What is the presentation fo allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

itchy eyes with a “glassy” appearance, No DISCHARGE, and conjunctivare injected. assoc with nasal symptoms

Question 12

What is the management of allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 12

topical mast cell stabilizers

Question 13

What is this?

Answer 13

blepharitis

Question 14

How do you manage blepharitis?

Answer 14

lid hygiene (hot compress, wash crusts, massage lid margin), topical lubricants

Question 15

What is this?

Answer 15

sub-conjunctival haemorrhage

Question 16

How does sub-conjunctival haemorrhage present?

Answer 16

spontaneous, painless, normal vision, assocated with couhging/straining and HTN

Question 17

How do you manage subconjunctival haemorrhage?

Answer 17

resolves in 2-3 weeks without treatment

Question 18

What is this?

Answer 18

pterygium

Question 19

What is a pterygium?

Answer 19

a benign fibrovascular growth fron the conjunctiva, occurs medially and can extend onto the cornea

only remove if encroaching on vision

Question 20

Hwo do you manage corneal abrasion?

Answer 20

chloramphenicol eye ointmnt, daily review and oral analgesia (DO NOT USE TOPICAL ANAESTHETICS)

Question 21

What is arc eye?

Answer 21

photokeratitis (sunburn of the cornea)

Question 22

How does arc eye present?

Answer 22

“like sand in my eye”, photophobia, tears, constricted pupil

Question 23

How to manage corneal ulceration?

Answer 23

intensive topical antibiotics

Question 24

What is the risk associated with using contact lenses?

Answer 24

getting bacterial keratitis which can cause corneal ulceration

risk increases when sleep with contact lenses in

Question 25

What is this?

Answer 25

herpes simplex viral keratitis

Question 26

What do you always stain the eye with?

Answer 26

fluorescein

Question 27

how to manage herpes simplex viral keratitis?

Answer 27

refer to opthalmologist

Question 28

What is this?

Answer 28

iritis

Question 29

How does iritis present?

Answer 29

painful, photophobic, unilateral red eye with circumciliary injection (limbal flush)

Question 30

what is aterior uveitis?

Answer 30

iritis

Question 31

What causes iritis?

Answer 31

idiopathic/autoimmune (HLA B27 +ve)

Question 32

How to manage iritis?

Answer 32

topical steroid drops (to reduce inflammation) + topical cyclopentolate drops (to dilate pupils to relieve pain)

Question 33

What is this?

Answer 33

episcleritis

Question 34

How do you manage episcleritis?

Answer 34

self-limiting to 2-3 weeks

Question 35

How does Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus (HZO) present?

Answer 35

painful rash on side of forehead, life adjacent eye slightly inflamed and photophobic (luorescein staining in -ve), with Hutchinson's sign

Question 36

What is Hutchinsons's sign?

Answer 36

When herpes Zoster opthalmicus involves the tip of the nose (likely to involve the eye)

Question 37

How do you manage HZO?

Answer 37

oral and topical antivirals

Question 38

How does acute angle glaucoma present?

Answer 38

acute onset of painful red eye, mid-dilated, fixed pupill, cloudy cornea, vision loss (possible to have abdominal pain and vomiting)

Question 39

What are the risk factors for acute angle glaucoma?

Answer 39

40-50 yo, female hostiry of acute glaucoma in other eye long-sightedness

Question 40

How to manage acute angle glaucoma?

Answer 40

IV acetazolamide (to reduce aqueous secretion) + pilocarpine drops (to reduce constriction) + surgical/laser iridotomy

Question 41

What is this?

Answer 41

Meibomian cyst/Chalazion

Question 42

What is a meibomian cyst?

Answer 42

benign granulomatous inflammation in the eyelid from retaine meibomian secretions

Question 43

how to manae a meibomian cyst?

Answer 43

self-limting, but appy heat and massage twice a day OR incision adn curretage

Question 44

What is a stye?

Answer 44

a external hordeolum, a small abscess at the base of the eyelash, usually due to Staph aureus.

Question 45

What is the management of an external hordeolum?

Answer 45

warm compress and eyelash removal

Question 46

What is this?

Answer 46

preseptal cellulitis

Question 47

What is preseptal cellulitis?

Answer 47

tender, unilateral infection of the subcutaneous tissue, often seen after chalazion or insect bites

Question 48

How to manage preseptal cellulitis?

Answer 48

oral antibiotics

Question 49

What is this?

Answer 49

allergy to chloramphenicol

Question 50

What is this?

Answer 50

BCC

Question 51

What is this?

Answer 51

molluscum contagiosum

Question 52

What is this?

Answer 52

hyphaema