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opthalmic dispensing > optical terminology > Flashcards

optical terminology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what is optometry?

A

practice of checking eye health and vision

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2
Q

what is px?

A

the patient/customer

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3
Q

what is rx?

A

the optical prescription

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4
Q

what are spectacles?

A

for holding ophthalmic lenses to correct refractive error

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5
Q

what is myopia?

A

being short sighted, wears a NEGATIVE powered lens

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6
Q

what is hyperopia?

A

being long sighted, wears a POSITIVE powered lens

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7
Q

what is emmetropia?

A

having no prescription

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8
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

someone who struggles to see close up (usually over 40 years)

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9
Q

what is dioptre?

A

the unit of measurement for lens power. written as DS, dioptre sphere.

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10
Q

in what steps is lens power measured in?

A

it is measured in quarter dioptre steps. 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00.

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11
Q

what is a prism?

A

it is used in spectacles to bend light to enter the eye. used for people with squints.

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12
Q

what is visual acuity?

A

(VA) corresponds to the lowest line that can be read on the test chart. biggest letter- 6/60 , smallest letter- 6/5

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13
Q

what is amblyopia?

A

having better vision in one eye than the other

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14
Q

spherical eye

A

round like a football (Sph)

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15
Q

what is astigmatism?

A

when the front surface of a normal eye is round like a football, but the eyes are shaped more oval like a rugby ball.

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16
Q

what does astigmatism affect?

A

it affects the path of light so that the image formed at the back of the eye is not sharply focused (commonly Cyl)

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17
Q

what is single vision?

A

one prescription for a given distance.

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18
Q

what is bifocal?

A

mainly used as large distance vision area with a separate, distinct area for near vision. this can be a line.

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19
Q

what is trifocal?

A

3 distinct areas for vision, distance, intermediate and near; again marked with lines

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20
Q

what is multifocal?

A

one lens with 2 or more foci, usually worn by presbyopes.

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21
Q

what is progressive powered lenses (PALS)?

A

these are lenses which have no line but are divided into distance, intermediate and near vision.

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22
Q

what is occupational?

Study These Flashcards
A

these are designed for use in the intermediate and near vision zones. they can be useful for people who work on computers.

23
Q

what are enhanced readers?

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A

these have a very large reading area and an intermediate vision area.

24
Q

what are coatings?

Study These Flashcards
A

a thin layer applied to the surface of lens (e.g. hard coat, anti-reflection)

25
what is a tint?
a layer of colour usually applied to the surface of lens (e.g. sunspecs)
26
what is a filter?
a filter is a layer that affects the vision through lens e.g. polarising
27
what are contact lenses?
thin plastic lens placed directly on the surface of the eye to correct visual defects.
28
what is modality-soft? *
can be daily, bi-weekly, monthly, annual
29
what is modality- RGP? *
generally annually
30
what is a pre test?
a pre screen, tests and information before eye examination.
31
what does IOP stand for?
intraocular pressure
32
what is an IOP?
the pressure within the eyeball. pressure is measured with a tonometer. there is a slight increase in IOP with, in the morning and lying down.
33
normal IOP is usually between what?
10 and 22mmHg
34
what is an auto refractor?
a computer controlled machine used during an eye examination to provide an objective measurement of a person's refractive error and prescription (for glasses or contact lenses).
35
what is fundus/ OCT?
photo of the back surface of the eye
36
what is a field test?
a test to find blind spots in vision, usually with one eye and counting spots of light
37
what are cataracts?
clouding of the lens in the eye. it is very common in older people. it causes haziness in vision (made worse in bright conditions).
38
what is aphakia?
an ocular condition in which the crystalline lens is absent. it may be congenital (born with it) but usually it is due to surgical removal of a cataract. - as a result, eye is unable to focus correctly - patient can wear an extra thick lens called a lenticular
39
what is a focimeter?
an optical instrument for determining power, axis direction and optical centre of ophthalmic lenses
40
what is a squint?
eye doesn't look straight ahead, due to eye muscle weakness
41
what is accommodation?
the focus needed to see clearly; accommodation gets more difficult with age (presbyopia)
42
what is diplopia?
double vision. this can occur horizontally or vertically.
43
what is defective colour vision?
colours that are confused are red, greens and greys or red, oranges or blue-green - occurs in about 8% male population, 0.5% of the female population - majority of cases of defective colour vision are inherited
44
what is stereopsis?
3D vision, depth perception
45
what is a referral?
a letter written to hospital and GP
46
what is the NHS GOS?
the optical system for claiming payment from NHS system, for both eye exams and to help towards optical correction
47
what does LTB stand for?
length to bend
48
what does BVD stand for?
back vertex distance
49
what is the optical centre?
the centre of the optical device
50
what is pupillary distance (PD)?
the distance between the centres of the pupils
51
what is a snellen chart?
it tests distance visual acuity and is only one of the tests done to access eyesight. -chart used is made up of capital letters, numbers, symbols or pictures (larger at the top, smaller at the bottom)
52
what is an illiterate e testing chart?
it is a chart for carrying out tests on a person that cannot read. -consists of an 'E' of different sizes and orientated in different directions which the subject must recognise
53
what is a landolt broken ring?
it is a chart using a graduated series of rings in which the subject must indicate the orientation of the gap -gap is either up, down, left or right
54
what is a logMAR testing chart?
a chart which comprises of rows of letters and is used by optometrists, opthalmologists and vision scientists to estimate visual acuity

opthalmic dispensing (2 decks)

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