Option A: Freshwater - Part 4: Management Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Option A: Freshwater - Part 4: Management Deck (7)
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1
Q

River Nile, Aswam Dam in Egypt Case Study

A
Advantages:
500 mill dollar value per year. 
Flood and drought control, allow good crops in dry years 
60% for irrigation
4 square km of desert irrigated.
HEP: 7 mill kilowatt hours per year
Recreation and tourism
Disadvantages:
Water losses
Salinization
100k displaced
Seismic stress
Channel erosion
Nile delta erosion
2
Q

Integrated drainage basin management

A
Water supply
Water quality
River channels
Flood control
Agricultural, industrial, recreational, energy, ecosystem needs.
3
Q

America’s Great Watershed Initiative

A

Increase availability and quality of water for future gens.
Reduce flooding and risk.
Government, academics, businesses work to solve challenges.

4
Q

Wetlands

A

Land with permanently flooded soils.
Benefits:
Water storage, aquifer recharge, storm protection, flood mitigation, erosion control, retention of carbon, nutrients, pollutants.
Clean water, tourism, timber.

5
Q

The Ramsar Convention

A

Treaty for int. cooperation to conserve wetlands. Signed by 60 countries.

  • Designate wetlands of importance
  • Maintain ecological character of important sites
  • Organize to achieve wise use
  • Make wetlands nature reserves
6
Q

What causes loss of wetland habitat

A
Sea-level rise
Drought
Storms
Erosion
Dam construction
Mining for peat
Destroyed, altered, drained and removed for agriculture, settlements, transport, industry.
7
Q

Community water management

A

Water saving - shorter showers, low flow rate taps, fixing dripping taps.

Customer pricing -
Domestic water consumption measured + charge customers for amount used.

Nanotechnology infiltration removes microbes and bacteria using silver ions. Reducing water costs.

Water purification and desalination of seawater.

Zoning - areas that are protected to safeguard water quality and allow aquifers to recharge.

Rainwater harvesting in to conserve moisture in the root zone of crop soil.