Option C: Ecology and Conservation

Question 1

8.Use of one animal and one plant species to illustrate limits of tolerance and zones of stress.

Question 2

9.Define ecological niche.

Question 3

10.Analyze data that illustrates the distinction between fundamental and realized niches.

Question 4

11.Outline the competitive exclusion principle.

Question 5

12.Outline interspecific interactions//14. Outline local examples of interspecific interactions.

Question 6

13.Outline the symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.

Question 7

14.Outline how community structure can be strongly affected by keystone species using an example (ex. sea star (Pisaster), sea otter).

Question 8

25.Compare pyramids of energy from different ecosystems.

Answer 8

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Question 9

20.Define food web and outline how they model the possible food chains in a community.

Question 10

22.Outline the use of food conversion ratios to create more sustainable dietary choices.

Question 11

23.Outline the impact of climate on ecosystem type.

Question 12

24.Analyze a climograph showing the relationship between temperature, rainfall and ecosystem type.

Question 13

26.Construct a Germehl diagram to show the inter-relationships between nutrient stores and flows between taiga, desert and tropical rainforests.

Question 14

27.Analyze data showing primary succession.

Question 15

28.Outline the dependence of biomass accumulation on respiration rates.

Question 16

29.Outline secondary succession with respect to how disturbance influences the structure and rate of change.

Question 17

30.Investigate the effect on an environmental disturbance on an ecosystem.

Question 18

31.Outline what a mesocosm is and how it can be used to study open and closed ecosystems.

Question 19

32.Outline with one example of how humans interfere with nutrient cycling.

Question 20

63.Outline how the introduction of an alien species can become invasive and reduce the number of endemic species through competition exclusion using the cane toad in Australia and one local example.

Question 21

64.Evaluate the eradication programmes and biological control as measures to reduce the impact of alien species.

Question 22

65.Explain biomagnification.

Question 23

66.Analyze data illustrating the causes and consequences of biomagnification.

Question 24

67.Discuss the trade-off between control of the malarial parasite and DDT pollution.

Question 25

68.Outline the impact of macro and microplastic debris accumulation in marine environments using the case study of Laysan albatrosses and one other named species.

Question 26

69.Define indicator species and outline how it can be used to calculate the value of a biotic index.

Question 27

70.Contrast in situ and ex situ conservation.

Question 28

71.Outline a case study of captive breeding as a method of restoring endangered species populations.

Question 29

72.Outline the components of biodiversity.

Question 30

73.Analyze the biodiversity of two local communities using the Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity.

Question 31

74.Outline how biogeographical factors affect species diversity.

Question 32

75.Analyze the impact of biogeographical factors of island size and edge effects on diversity.

Question 33

76.Outline the sampling techniques used to estimate population size including the Lincoln index.

Question 34

77.Analyze the effect of population size, age and reproductive status on sustainable fishing practices.

Question 35

78.Evaluate methods used to estimate the size of commercial stock of marine resources.

Question 36

79.Explain the exponential growth pattern that occurs in an ideal, unlimted environment.

Question 37

80.Outline the factors that influence population size/ Explain carrying capacity.

Question 38

81.Model a population growth curve using a simple organism.

Question 39

82.Contrast top-down and bottom-up limiting factors using the example of free-living algae growing in coral reef communities.

Question 40

7.Use a transect to correlate the distribution of plant or animal species with an abiotic variable.