Option D

Question 1

what are nutrients

Answer 1

chemical substances that are used in the body

Question 2

units of food energy

Answer 2

food calories (kcal) or kilojoules

Question 3

what are carbohydrates

Answer 3

polymers of sugars

Question 4

vitamins

Answer 4

complex carbon compounds that cannot be synthesised by the body

Question 5

minerals

Answer 5

mineral ions (elements) that cannot be synthesised by the body - essential

Question 6

essential nutrients

Answer 6

cannot be replaced or synthesised by the body, so must be take in diet
water 
minerals 
some vitamins 
some unsaturated fatty acids 
some amino acids

Question 7

non-essential nutrients

Answer 7

can be replaced or synthesised by the body, so are not necessary in the diet 
carbs/sugars 
other minerals and some vitamins 
saturated fatty acids 
some amino acids

Question 8

how many amino acids are ther

Answer 8

20

Question 9

what happens if there is a shortage of one or more amino acids

Answer 9

prevent the production of specific proteins

Question 10

how many essential amino acids are there

Answer 10

9

Question 11

when a hydroxyl group is added to phynylalanine what amino acid is synthesised - what enzyme is used

Answer 11

tyrosine

phynylalanine hydroxylase

Question 12

what deficiancy causes PKU

Answer 12

PAH - phynylalanine hydroxylase

Question 13

is PKU dominant or recessive

Answer 13

recessive

Question 14

how is PKU detected

Answer 14

Guthrie Test of neborns - tests concentration of Phe:Tyr

Question 15

Is PKU autosomal or sex-linked

Answer 15

autosomal

Question 16

what is a mis-sense base-substitution mutation

Answer 16

one base in the allele has been replaced by another, resulting in one different amino acid being used in protein synthesis

Question 17

what does asypmtomatic mean

Answer 17

do not show symtpoms

Question 18

treatment of PKU

Answer 18

strict low Phe diet: no dairy, meat , breastmilk, nuts or aspartame. lots of medication

Question 19

kwasiorkor

Answer 19

caused by a lack of essential amino acids as a result of low protein intake

Question 20

what are the results of kwashiorkor

Answer 20

edema (severe swelling) , fluids gather in tissues and cannot be returned to blood effectively
growth is severely stunted
mental development can be impared

Question 21

Name 6 minerals used by the body

Answer 21

I-
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Fe2+
Zn2+

Question 22

function and source of Vit A

Answer 22

eye function, vision, hair, skin

Dairy, Meat, Fish

Question 23

Vitamin C

Answer 23

immune system, healing, antioxidant

fruits (especially citrus)

Question 24

vitamin D

Answer 24

calcium absorption (bones and teeth)
dairy fish fish oils

Question 25

iodine

Answer 25

tyroid function, metabolism, temperature control | seaweeds, seafood, fish

Question 26

Vitamin B

Answer 26

nervous, system, control, digestion COENZYMES | dairy meat spinach broccoli bananas

Question 27

result of vitamin A deficiancy

Answer 27

night blindness

Question 28

result of vit D deficiency

Answer 28

rickets/osteomalacia

Question 29

result of vit C deficiency

Answer 29

scurvy

Question 30

result of iodine deficiency

Answer 30

block negative feedbck to the pituitary gland - goitre - severe swelling of thyroid gland

Question 31

RDI of vit c

Answer 31

45-60mg per day

Question 32

where does excess vitamin c go

Answer 32

excreted by the kidneys - urine

Question 33

which part of the brain controls apetite

Answer 33

hypothalamus

Question 34

stretch receptors in the stomach and intestines

Answer 34

become activated when distends these organs

Question 35

adipose tissues

Answer 35

release hormones in response to fat storage

Question 36

the pnacreas

Answer 36

release hormones in response to changes in bloos sugar levels

Question 37

which hormones trigger a hunger response

Answer 37

ghrelin and glucan

Question 38

whcih hormones trigger satiety

Answer 38

leptin and CCK

Question 39

from where is leptin secreted

Answer 39

adipose tissues