Option G Terminology Flashcards
(25 cards)
urbanization
the increase in proportion of people living in urban areas
centripetal movements
they involve migration of people into towns and cities (include: rural-urban migration, reurbanisation)
centrifugal movements
outward movement of a population from city centre towards its edge or periphery, resulting in the expansion of a city (suburbanisation, counter urbanisation, urban sprawl)
rural-urban migration
the movement of people away from the countryside to towns and cities, often in LICs and NICs
suburbanisation
outward growth of cities to engulf surrounding villages and rural areas (result of out-migrating from inner urban areas to suburbs)
urban sprawl
uncontrolled spreading of urban development such as apartment buildings, shopping centres etc. near a densely populated city
counter-urbanisation
movement of population away from
lather urban areas to smaller urban areas, new towns, commuter towns or villages in the edge or just beyond city limits (rural character)
reurbanisatin
revitalisation of urban areas and a movement of people back into those areas - example Barcelona 1992 Olympics
urban renewal
rehabilitation of city areas that have fallen into decline
gentrification
improvement of residential areas by immigrants and the residents themselves, with an economic dimensions such as the development of retailing and other services
inner city
central, often older part of a city, where people live and where there are often social and economic problems
CBD
The main business and commercial area of a city
deindustrialisation
the long term, absolute decline in employment in the manufacturing sector of an economy (loss of jobs)
urban circular system
a sustainable city in which there are recycling, reuse and reduction policies; real, renewable forms of energy; and measures taken to reduce the ecological footprint
brownfield sites
abandoned, derelict or underused industrial buildings and land, which may be contaminated but have potential for redevelopment
urban microclimate
the climate of an urban area
urban heat island
urban areas are generally 2.4 degrees warmer than those of surrounding countryside
megacity
a city with a population over 10 million people
smart city
an urban area that uses digital technology to collect data and to operate/ provide services
eco-city
settlement modelled on self sustaining resilient structure and function of natural ecosystems
sustainable city
a city that reduces environmental impacts through its activities and promotes sustainable consumption and production patterns
resilient city
capacity of a city to survive, adapt and grow even in case of accuse shocks or chronic stress
chronic stress
constant stress factor acting on a city, that the population adopted to, examples: overtaxing, unemployment, traffic, inadequate rubbish disposal
accute shocks
intense sudden shocks, usually a natural disaster that destroys the city
