(Options) Extreme Environments General

Question 1

Why are cold places cold?

Answer 1

Latitude
Albedo
Aspect
Altitude

Question 2

Why are hot places hot?

Answer 2

West Coast Deserts
Continentality
Rain Shadows
Sub-tropical high Pressure

Question 3

Desertification

Answer 3

Process by which deserts expand - land becomes desert (environmental issue)

Question 4

Top of Glacier

Answer 4

Zone of accumulation - Snowfall > Snowmelt

Question 5

Bottom of Glacier

Answer 5

Zone of ablation - Snowmelt > Snowfall

terminal end of glacier

Question 6

How does a Glacier move?

Answer 6

Plastic Deformation (friction)
Basal Sliding (meltwater)
Glacial Creep (friction)

Question 7

Equilibrium Line

Answer 7

Snowfall = Snowmelt

Question 8

Glacier in Winter

Answer 8

more accumulation than ablation = glacier advances

Question 9

Glacier in Summer

Answer 9

more ablation than accumulation = glacier retreats

Question 10

Glacial Erosion

Answer 10

Plucking
Freeze Thaw
Abrasion

Question 11

Glacial Landforms: Upper Erosional

Answer 11

Corrie (Cirque)
Arete / Pyramidal Peak
Corrie Lip
Tarne (Corrie Lake)
Bergschrund
Scree

Question 12

Glacial Landforms: Lower Erosional

Answer 12

Glacial - trough / U-shaped Valley (Truncated Spurs)
Hanging Valley
Ribbon Lake

Question 13

Glacial Landforms: Deposition

Answer 13

(*Not Sorted) // Till:
Moraine
Drumlin
Erratic

Question 14

Scree

Answer 14

Little bits of rock come of from freeze-thaw

Question 15

Truncated Spur

Answer 15

A ridge that descends towards a valley floor from a higher elevation

Question 16

Terminal Moraine

Answer 16

At Glacier Snout - Maximum advance of glacier

Question 17

Lateral Moraine

Answer 17

At glacier edge / meets valley side

Question 18

Medial Moraine

Answer 18

Merge of lateral moraines from merging glaciers in glacier centre

Question 19

Arid

Answer 19

Less than 250mm of precipitation a year

Question 20

Semi-Arid

Answer 20

250-500mm of precipitation a year

Question 21

Rivers in Deserts

Answer 21

Exotic - Source in another environment, flow through desert
Endoreic - Drain into inland lake or sea
Ephemeral - Flow seasonally / after storms (high discharge and sediment levels)

Question 22

Weathering in Deserts

Answer 22

Salt Crystallisation

Exfoliation (onion skin)

Question 23

Wind Erosion in Deserts

Answer 23

Deflation

Abrasion

Question 24

(Deserts) Processes for Transport of Sediment by Wind

Answer 24

Traction or Creep
Saltation
Suspension

Question 25

Desert Landforms: Erosional

Answer 25

``` Deflation Hollow (Deflation) Sand Dunes Barachan or Barkhan Dune Wind Ripples Coastal Dunes Pedestals (mushroom rock) Yardang Oasis Inselburgs (messes & buttes) ```

Question 26

Desert Landforms: Deposition

Answer 26

Wadi Alluvial Fan Playa Lake (salt pans)

Question 27

Glacial Landforms: Meltwater

Answer 27

``` (*sorted) Sandurs (outwash plains + braided streams) Eskers Kames / Kame Terraces Kettle Holes ```