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Orthodontics > Oral Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

How many teeth in each arch ? Primary

A

10 each arch

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2
Q

Eruption date - Primary teeth

A
  • A- 6months
    B- 9 months
    C- 18 months
    D- 12 months
    E- 24 months
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3
Q

When root formation completed?

A
  • Root formation complete approx 1-1.5 years after eruption
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4
Q

Tooth development at Birth (Crown formation )

A

A - 1/2
B- 1/2
C- 1/3
D- cusp
E- TIp
6- Just

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5
Q

When Root formation complete for secondary dentition?

A

2-3 years after eruption

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6
Q

Supernumeries teeth

A
  • Extra teeth
  • 1-2 % population.
  • Most common - Upper anterior
  • Present delay eruption
  • often diagnosed in radiographs
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7
Q

Hypodontia

A
  • Missing teeth
  • 6.4 % population ( not 8sā€™)
  • 2% - missing lateral incisors
    -L5 > U2 > U5 > L1 > others
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8
Q

Stages of Odomtogenesis?

A
  • Initiation - Thickening
  • Bud - Morphogenesis
  • Cap- Differentiation
  • Bell - mineralisation
  • Erupted tooth - Eruption root formation
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9
Q

How are enamel , dentine, cementum and bone similar but different?

A
  • Development origin
  • Cells
  • Process and degree of mineralisation
  • Organic and inorganic content
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10
Q

Define Enamel

A
  • Cell- Ameloblast
  • origin - Epithelial
  • Present through out life ? No
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11
Q

Enamel composition?

A
  • 95-96 % calcium Hydroxyapatite crystals (inorganic component)
  • 1-2 % Non - amelogenin protein ( Organic protein)
  • water - 2%
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12
Q

Dentine

A
  • Cell- Odontoblast
  • Origin - Mesenchymal
  • Present through out life- Yes
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13
Q

Dentine composition?

A
  • 70 %Calcium hydroxyapatite crystals (inorganic)
  • 20 % Collagen types 1, 3, 5 non collagenous proteins
  • 10% water
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14
Q

Cementum define?

A
  • Cell - Cementoblast
  • Origin - HERS (controversial)
  • Present throughout life : yes
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15
Q

Cementum composition ?

A
  • 65 % hydroxypetite crystals
  • 23% collagen type 3,5,6,12.
  • 12% water
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16
Q

Define Pulp

A
  • Cell - Fibroblast
    -Origin - Mesenchymal
  • Present thougout life? Yes
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17
Q

Pulp composition?

A
  • 0 % in organic
  • 75% fibres + semi fluid gel. organic component
  • 25% water
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18
Q

Periodontal ligament

A
  • Cell - Majority Fibroblasts
  • Mesenchymal
  • Present through out life? Yes
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19
Q

Periodontal ligament Composition?

A
  • > 90% collagen fibre
  • <10% oxytalan and reticulin fibres
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20
Q

Types of bones

A
  • Cortical Bone ( compact bone) strong
  • Cancellous ( Spongy or trabecular bone) weaker
  • Woven bone - Weak
  • Lamellar Bone - strong
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21
Q

Alveolar Bone anatomy

A
  • Interdental septa - Between teeth present
  • Interradicular septa- Between root present
  • lamina dura and bundle bone
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22
Q

Defects of development

A
  • Teeth provide good record of development disturbances.
  • Defects of number - Anodontia / hypodontia or supernumeraries
  • Complicated dental malformations - Odontomes
  • Defects of size - micro/ macrodontia
  • Defect of amelogenesis - Hypoplasia / Hypo-calcification
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23
Q

Suernumeries between midline called?

A
  • Mesiodens
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24
Q

Define Hypoplasia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Enamel defect characterised thin or absent enamel
25
Hypomineralisation
- Severely ill childhood , traumatic birth , high fevers can cause disturbance in tooth formation
26
Caries
- The breakdown of tooth surface from acid produced by bacteria.
27
What cause caries ?
-Time - Substrate (carbohydrates sugar) - Susceptible tooth surface - Bacteria
28
Caries
- Risk of developing caries lesion around bracket is high - 50% of patients - Caries - first sign of caries - white spot lesion - Remineralisation - OHI + Flouride - GDP can carry out cosmetic tx- Microabrasion and bleaching
29
If you see caries what should you do?
- Don't use sharp probe in region - Ask orthodontist to check - Document in notes - Referral to GDP for filling
30
If you see caries what should you do?
- Don't use sharp probe in region - Ask orthodontist to check - Document in notes - Referral to GDP for filling
31
How to prevent caries
- Diet advice - OHI - Fluoride
32
How can you get Fluoride?
- Toothpaste 1350 to 1500 ppm - Mouthwash 225ppm sodium fluoride - Fluoride varnish - Fluoridated water - Fluoride supplements - Naturally food substance : Spinach, black tea, raisins, grapes
33
What does fluoride do?
- It is used to help to reduce decalcification and remineralise enamel
34
Flouride - Mechanism of action
- Enamel crystals undergo demineralisation on acid exposure. - When fluoride is present in saliva , FLUORAPATITE rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during remineralisation . - Fluroapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistance to demineralisation during future acid attacks.
35
How does fluoride work?
- Swallowed fluoride - become part of developing permanent teeth in children. - Applied fluoride - helps to speed remineralisation - High concentration fluoride disrupt production of acids by bacteria
36
Oral hygiene instruction for remineralisation
- Brush 2 a day - Brush 2 minutes (manual / electric toothbrush) - Spit ! Do not rinse with water - Use mouthwash at different time to brushing
37
Diet advice
- Three main meals per day with one other snack - Limit sugar containing food and drinks with meal time - Snack should be teeth friendly food - Only water between meals - Diet diaries are useful
38
Tooth Mousse
- contains Casein protein - No fluoride - Aids remineralisation - useful for removing white spot which develop during ortho tx. - Reduce sensitivity
39
Position of oral cavity
Anterior border - lip Posterior border- Oropharynx Superior border- Hard palate Inferior border- floor of the mouth
40
Oral cavity divided into ?
- Vestibules ( Space between lips and teeth) - Oral cavity ( The cavity between teeth and pharynx )
41
Structure of vestibules
1- Lip 2- cheeks 3- Gingiva 4- Fraenum 5- Maxillary tuberosity 6- Retromolar area / triangle
42
Lips
- Orbicularis oris muscle - Externally covered with Skin - Internally covered with mucous membrane
43
Cheeks
-Buccinator muscles - Form side of face - Opening parotid gland visible opposite maxillary second molar
44
Gingiva
- Alveolar mucosa - Mucogingival junction - Attached Gingiva - Free gingival groove - Margina Gingiva
45
Frenum
- Eithelium fold of mucosa - Superior labial frenum - Inferior labial frenum - lingual frenum
46
Maxillary tuberiosity
-Rounded prominence of bone behind the last maxillary molar tooth
47
Retromolar area/ triangle
- Area behind last mandibular molar
48
Structures of Oral cavity
1- Palate 2- palatoglossal arch (fold) 3- Palatopharybgeal arch (fold) 4- Palatine tonsils 5- Uvula 6- Pharynx 7- Tongue 8- Floor of mouth
49
Palate
- Hard palate - dense mucous membrane and covers palatal processes of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine bones - Soft palate - Mobile muscular attachment posterior to hard palate
50
Feature of palate
1- Incisive papilla 2- Palatine Raphe 3- Rugae (Transverse palatal folds)
51
Palatoglossal arch (fold)
- Fold of mucosa between palate and tongue covering muscle
52
Palatopharyngeal arch (fold)
- Fold of mucosa between palate and. Pharynx covering muscle
53
Palatine tonsils
- Lymphatic tissue located between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
54
Uvula
- Midline projection of mucous membrane from free border of the soft palate
55
Pharynx
- Area behind nasal and oral cavities and larynx. - 3 divided 1- Nasopharynx 2- Oropharynx 3- Laryngopharynx
56
7- Tongue
- Muscular organ - Dorsal surface covered with papillae - Consists of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, salivary glands, taste buds
57
8- Floor of mouth
- Mucosa covering the mylohyois muscle
58
Caries
- Substrate - Time - bacteria - Suspect able surface

Orthodontics (53 decks)

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