Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Flashcards by ZARISH M

what is oral and maxillofacial surgery?

The specialty of dentistry includes the diagnostic, surgical, and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries, and defects involving both the functional and the aesthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial regions.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DH care and instruction BEFORE SURGERY may improve a patient’s health and wellbeing by…

-Reduce oral bacterial count

-Reduce inflammation of the gingiva and improve tissue tone

-Remove calculus deposits

-Instruct in the use of foods

-interpret the dentist’s directions

-motivate the patient who will have teeth remaining

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 Stages of dental hygiene care in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Pre-surgery treatment planning
Patient instruction: Diet selection
Pre-surgical Instruction
Post-surgical care

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For clients who will have surgery for oral cancer or who have a cardiovascular or other condition for which all periodontal and dental treatment is completed before surgery, this is done…

Follow up evaluation (pre-surgery treatment planning)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a case where complete oral care is needed before surgery?

a) When a patient is scheduled for a routine dental extraction, even in the absence of systemic conditions, to minimize any risk of localized infection affecting post-operative healing

b) When radiation or chemotherapy will be used following surgery for oral cancer, or when a prosthetic heart valve or total joint replacement will be involved

c) When a patient is undergoing elective orthognathic surgery to correct jaw alignment but has no history of systemic disease or immune compromise

d) When a patient presents with a history of seasonal allergies and mild gingivitis before a scheduled outpatient sinus surgery

b) When radiation or chemotherapy will be used following surgery for oral cancer, or when a prosthetic heart valve or total joint replacement will be involved

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following has a direct and significant impact on resistance to infection, wound healing, and overall recovery?

a) The timing of routine dental cleanings in relation to surgery, even in patients without systemic conditions

b) The choice between different interdental cleaning methods, assuming oral hygiene is generally maintained

c) The number of previous minor surgical procedures, regardless of the patient’s systemic health or healing history

d) Nutritional status

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which Nutrients are essential for the promotion of healing by building gingival tissue resistance?

-Protein
-Vitamin A
-Vitamin C
-Riboflavin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which medication may the patient be instructed to discontinue use of following surgery?

a) Acetaminophen
b) Amoxicillin
c) Omeprazole
d) Aspirin

d) Aspirin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Can develop if patient sucks on a straw after oral surgery

alveolar osteitis (dry socket)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A hot compress can be used for swelling following oral surgery.
a) true
b) false

b) false

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Surgical instrument used to apply leverage against the tooth to loosen from the periodontal ligament and ease in the distraction.

Elevator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

all-purpose surgical elevators on most oral surgery trays, with many configurations, that separate tooth from the gingival tissue prior to extraction.

Periosteal elevator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

surgical elevators used during extractions to loosen teeth from the PDL, remove teeth, roots, and root fragments.
Examples: Potts, Cryers, Apical…

Straight elevators

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

surgical instrument used to trim alveolar bone or trim away sharp pointes along the edentulous ridge, not usually used in simple extractions, but complex or multiple

Rongeurs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

double-ended instrument with a spoon shaped working end used to debride and scrape the interior of the tooth socket to remove diseased tissue. Induce bleeding to help create a clot.

Surgical curettes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

instrument used to smooth bone around the surgical site

bone file

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the correct procedure for loading a blade onto a scalpel handle?

a) Use gloved fingers to carefully align the blade with the handle and press it into place

b) Pick the blade up with a hemostat and slide it into place

c) Hold the blade with cotton pliers and snap it onto the handle with firm pressure

d) Use a sterile gauze pad to grip the blade and push it onto the handle to minimize direct contact

b) Pick the blade up with a hemostat and slide it into place

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hemostats can also be used to hold small soft tissue specimens.
a) true
b) false

b) false

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

surgical instrument used to grasp and hold onto teeth for their removal, to extract tooth from socket after application of elevators to loosen the tooth

forceps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type of forcep designed for anterior teeth extractions

straight shank

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type of forcep designed for posterior teeth extractions

bent shank

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the “goal” of forceps in oral surgery?

to remove tooth in one piece with crown and root in one piece

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Surgical tool used to hold needle during suturing

Needle holder (driver)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Surgical tool used for trimming soft tissues and cutting sutures

Dean’s scissors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Surgical instrument used to hold soft tissues out of the surgical field that must rest on bone, not soft tissue.

Retractor

hand instruments to shape and contour, or remove bone during extractions

bone chisels and mallets

Surgical instruments with extra-long shanks to remove bone, or cut/split the crowns/roots of teeth

Surgical burs

3 key points in the extraction of teeth...

1. Anesthesia 2. Luxation of tooth 3. Pushing, not pulling, tooth out of alveolus

What is the process of compressing the bone and expanding the socket of the tooth before extraction? a) Luxation b) Curettage c) Suturing d) Alveoloplasty

a) Luxation

procedure on a fully erupted tooth is known as a....

simple extraction

A more complex procedure involving bone removal, handpiece/burs, sectioning, is known as a....

surgical extraction

reshaping and smoothing of socket margins after extraction of teeth in preparation to receiving dentures

alveoplasty

oral condition in which a tooth is partially to fully covered by gingival tissue

Soft tissue impaction

oral condition in which a tooth is partially to fully covered by bone and gingival tissue

Hard tissue impaction

Which system is used to classify impactions? a) Miller’s b) Bass’ c) Angle’s d) Winter’s

d) Winter's

5 classifications of Winter's classification

1. Horizontal 2. Vertical 3. Distoangular 4. Mesioangular 5. Transverse

What is Winter's classification based on? a) The depth of the impacted tooth in relation to the occlusal plane b) The inclination of the impacted wisdom tooth to the long axis of the 2nd molar c) The degree of root development of the impacted tooth d) The presence of infection or pathology surrounding the impacted tooth

b) The inclination of the impacted wisdom tooth to the long axis of the 2nd molar

Which of the following describes where the tooth is impacted horizontally, but in a cheek-tongue direction? a) Transverse b) Mesioangular c) Vertical d) Distoangular

a) Transverse

inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle

Periocoronitis (operculitis)

Which surgical procedure can be indicated before prosthetic surgery a) Frenectomy b) Alveoplasty c) Apicoectomy d) Osteotomy

b) Alveoplasty

4 steps of a bone graft

1. Extraction 2. Debridement of extraction site 3. Place graft material 4. Place protective membrane 5. Close tissue, suture

What is the common incision donation site in a bone graft but tends to be the most painful? a) Tibia b) Mandibular ramus c) Iliac crest d) Palate

d) Palate

Which teeth are usually extracted for orthodontic therapy?

1st premolars

What is important to determine before the removal of root fragments and why? a) The length of the root fragment to assess if a larger incision is necessary for complete removal b) Benefit-to-risk ratio if the fragment is close to a nerve or adjacent sinus, as removal could jeopardize adjacent structures c) The density of the surrounding bone to predict the level of force needed for extraction d) The patient’s age, since younger patients heal faster and may require a more aggressive approach

b) Benefit-to-risk ratio if the fragment is close to a nerve or adjacent sinus, as removal could jeopardize adjacent structures

What term describes the apparent direct attachment or connection of osseous tissue to an inert alloplastic material without intervening connective tissue, as seen with dental implants? a) Fibrointegration b) Ankylosis c) Bioadhesion d) Osseointegration

the surgical removal and examination of lesions in the oral cavity.

Biopsy

What are the three steps of biopsy? a) Aspiration, incision, fixation b) Incisional, excisional, exfoliative c) Debridement, irrigation, suturing d) Hemostasis, staining, microscopic evaluation

b) Incisional, excisional, exfoliative

biopsy where "section" of a lesion at least 1cm in size is removed; should include some "good" tissue

Incisional

biopsy where entire lesion, >1cm in size is removed, must include all surrounding "good" tissue

Excisional

Less invasive biopsy, known as a smear, where sample of cells is taken with a brush.

exfoliative

Used to hold tissue in place while it heals Type depends on situation Examples: absorbable and non-absorbable

Sutures

Typically, dental sutures are secured with ____ knots. a) Slip b) Granny c) Square d) Overhand

c) Square

Types of absorbable sutures

plain catgut chromic catgut synthetic

Types of non-absorbable sutures

Silk Polyester fiber Nylon

Absorbable suture with the fastest healing for mucous membrane and subcutaneous tissue

Plain catgut

Which is considered the "strongest" suture? a) Nylon b) Silk c) Chromic gut d) Polyester fiber

d) Polyester fiber

Absorbable sutures with slower healing but allow the internal tissues to heal first.

Chromic catgut

Which suture is known for strength and easy application? a) Silk b) Catgut c) Polypropylene d) Nylon

a) Silk

When are surgical sutures removed?

5-7 days after placement

Suture removal is in the scope of practice of dental hygienists. a) true b) false

a) true

What is a surgical dressing applied over an area involved in periodontal surgery to enhance healing and tissue recovery? Components may include eugenol, resin, zinc oxide, tannic acid, cocoa butter, paraffin, olive oil, and an antibiotic. a) Coe-Pak b) Alveolar plug c) Periodontal pack d) Hemostatic gauze

c) Periodontal pack

Where is cyst development the most common? a) Around central incisors b) Near the maxillary canines c) Along the lateral borders of the tongue d) Around wisdom teeth

d) Around wisdom teeth

What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?

parotid submandibular sublingual

What is the branch of science that deals with the causes and treatments of malposition of the bones of the jaws? a) Periodontics b) Prosthodontics c) Orthognathics d) Endodontics

c) Orthognathics

fixation of the maxilla in occlusion with the mandible held in place by means of wires and elastic bands, the healing parts are stabilized following fracture or surgery

intermaxillary fixation

Which branch of prosthodontics is concerned with the restoration of the mouth, jaws, and associated facial structures affected by disease, injury, surgery, or congenital defects? a) Maxillofacial prosthetics b) Implantology c) Removable prosthodontics d) Fixed prosthodontics

a) Maxillofacial prosthetics

internal fixation of a fracture by mechanical means, such as metal plates, pins or screws

Osteosynthesis

a method of internal fixation of mandibular fractures utilizing miniaturized metal plates and screws

miniplate osteosynthesis

What is the motor disturbance of the trigeminal nerve characterized by spasm of the masticatory muscles and difficulty in opening the mouth (lockjaw)? a) Bruxism b) Trismus c) Myalgia d) Neuralgia

b) Trismus

Refer to the way the bone breaks in a jaw fracture

Complete, Incomplete

refers to use of surgical flap procedure to expose the fracture ends and bring them together for healing

open reduction

a surgical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment.

reduction

________ is accomplished by manipulation of the fragment parts without surgery

closed reduction

fracture in which the bone snaps into TWO OR MORE parts.

complete

fracture in which the bone cracks but does not break all the way through

Incomplete

a type of incomplete fracture where fractures has one side of the bone broken and the other side bent, happens in incompletely calcified bones like children.

"greenstick"

the mandible is the most commonly fractured facial bone. a) true b) false

b) false

mandibular fractures usually result from ....

direct force or trauma

classification is used widely to identify 2 general levels of maxillary fractures

Le Fort

HZ fracture line extends above roots of teeth, above palate, across maxillary sinus, below zygomatic process and across the pterygoid plates

Le Fort I

the high-level craniofacial fracture extends transversely across the bridge of the nose, across the orbits and the zygomatic arches, and across the pterygoid plates

Le Fort III

the midface fracture extends over the middle of the nose, down the medial wall of the orbits, across the infraorbital rims, and posteriorly, across the pterygoid plates

Le Fort II

all types of fractures require active intervention. a) true b) false

b) false

fractured jaw treatment follows these 3 key steps...

1. repair of bony fractures (reduction) 2. restoration of proper occlusion (fixation) 3. soft tissue repair

what is the avg healing time for an uncomplicated mandibular fracture?

6 weeks

what is the avg healing time for an uncomplicated maxillary fracture?

4-6 weeks

•Follows reduction •Method of fixation and then immobilization •Uses wires and/or elastics inter/intra maxillary and mandibular arches

Intermaxillary Fixaion (IMF)

method with 2 special bone screws placed via skin incisions on either side of fracture, acrylic bar molded and is pressed over threads of the bone screws and locked into position with screw nuts Used when management of a fracture cannot always be accomplished well by intermaxillary wiring alone:

External Skeletal Fixation (External Pin Fixation)

the sound or sensation of grating or clicking

crepitus

a vibration in the teeth caused by trauma from occlusal contact

fremitus

a treatment for TMJ dysfunction that "rinses" the joint with injections

Arthrocentesis

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Flashcards

(91 cards)