Oral biology final Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
The color that results when the mucosa is constantly irritated and the epithelium becomes thicker
A
White
2
Q
The type of dentin that continually form throughout ones life time
A
Secondary dentin
3
Q
Each tooth develops from ___ or more growth centers known as developmental lobes that grow out from the tooth germ
A
4
4
Q
These are incisal ridges on anterior teeth separated by developmental grooves
A
Mamelons
5
Q
Anterior teeth have ___ facial lobes and ___ lingual lobes
A
3,1
6
Q
Which molar usually has a 5th lobe/cuspid
A
1st molar
7
Q
Which premolar may have 2 or 3 cusps
A
Mandibular 2nd
8
Q
Mandibular teeth usually erupt ___ maxillary teeth
A
Before
9
Q
All deciduous teeth are usually erupted by what age
A
2.5 years old
10
Q
As the child grows the jaw also grows but the erupted teeth do not grow any larger, creating space and separations between the teeth called
A
Primate spacing
11
Q
The first permanent teeth to erupt are usually the
A
First molars
12
Q
Which teeth act as the foundation for the rest of the permanent denition
A
1st molars
13
Q
It is not uncommon for permanent incisors to erupt ___ to deciduous Incisors while deciduous incisors are still in place
A
Lingually
14
Q
Which teeth break the rule of mandibular teeth erupting before maxillary teeth
A
Maxillary 2nd premolars
15
Q
Teeth that do not completely erupt, but remain embedded in bone, or soft tissue
A
Impacted teeth
16
Q
As teeth erupt and meet the teeth in the opposing arch they form what is called
A
Occlusal plane
17
Q
The period of denition that begins about 6 years of age and lasts while both primary and secondary teeth are present
A
Mixed dention
18
Q
Which of the following is not a function of the teeth
A
Unscrewing bottle cap
19
Q
The crown of the tooth is covered with
A
Enamel
20
Q
The whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel, whether it is erupted or not
A
Anatomic crown
21
Q
Any unerupted part of the tooth
A
Clinical root
22
Q
The hardest tissue in the body
A
Enamel
23
Q
The type of dentin that is laid down in response to caries or tramua
A
Tertiary/ Reparative dentin
24
Q
Nutrition for cementum is derived from outside of the tooth through ___ coming directly from bone
A
Blood vessels
25
Incisors are designed to ___ food
Cut
26
Molars are designed to ____ food
Grind
27
A depression or concavity on a tooth
Fossa
28
An elevated portion of a tooth that runs in a line
Ridge
29
Spaces between the teeth that are occlusal to the contact areas
Embrasures
30
The widest part of the crown of the tooth is called the
Height of contour
31
How many succedaneous teeth are there?
20
32
Of the 3 possible anterioposterior relationships in primary occlusion which is the most common?
Mesial step
33
As the primary molars are exfoliated they are replaced by permanent premolars causing extra space called
Leeway space
34
Horizontal alignment of the teeth is due to the equilibrium of 2 factors the tongue, and
Lips and cheeks
35
When one or more teeth in the mandibular arch are located facial to the opposing maxillary teeth
Cross bite
36
When the anterior teeth do not touch, but are widely separated when their centric occlusion
Open bite
37
According to angles classification system the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary 1st molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular 1st molar is
Class 1
38
In lateral mandibular glide side which no teeth are contacting is
No working side
39
In the general rules of tooth identification, if tooth roots curve they usually curve
Distally
40
Which teeth are the most commonly congenitally missing teeth after the third molars
Maxillary lateral incisors
41
What is the age of eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors
7-8 years old
42
The smallest teeth in the entire dentition
Mandibular central incisors
43
The nerves in the pulp of the tooth elicit what type of response
Pain
44
if a tooth is lost a tooth in the opposing arch may erupt too far into the mouth
Supraeruption
45
The roots of molars tend to be ___ the more posteriorly they are positioned
Shorter
46
Which teeth are the longest in the entire dentition
Maxillary canines
47
Canines are designed to __ food
Hold and tear
48
AN area of the root that is not covered by cementum can cause
Sensitivity
49
Which of the premolars usually have 2 roots
Maxillary 1st premolar
50
Any ridge that runs from the cusp tip to the central groove of the occlusal surface of the tooth is
Triangular ridge
51
What makes the mandibular 1st premolar unique
A functional lingual cusp
52
The 3 cusp type of the mandibular 2nd premolar may have a groove pattern on the occlusal surface resembling what letter
Y
53
Which cusp form of the mandibular 2nd premolar is more common
3 cusp
54.2% have 3cusp, 43% have 2 cusp, 2.8% have 4 cusps
54
The crown measurements of posterior teeth are ___ cervicoocclusally than anterior teeth
Shorter
55
How many nonsuccedaneous teeth are there?
12
56
What is the name of the 5th supplemental cusp of the maxillary 1st molar
Cusp of carabelli
57
What is the occlusal outline of. The maxillary 1st molar
Rhomboidal
58
What is the eruption time of the maxillary 2nd molars?
11-13 years
59
What is the occlusal outline of the maxillary 2nd molar
Heart shapped
60
How many roots do the maxillary molars have
3 roots
61
Of the 3 maxillary molars roots which is the longest?
Lingual/ palatal root
62
How many cusps does the mandibular first molar have
5
63
What pattern is formed on the occlusal surface of the mandibular 1st molar
Y
64
What is the geometric shape of the occlusal surface of the mandibular 2nd molars?
Rectangular
65
How many cusps do Mandibular 2nd molars have
4
66
Mandibular molar usually have how manny pulp canals
3 mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, and distal
67
How many teeth are in the deciduous dentition
20
68
Which deciduous teeth are usually the first to erupt
Mandibular central incisors
69
Which deciduous teeth are wider mesiodistally than the permanent teeth that replace them
Deciduous molars
70
How is the color of the deciduous teeth different from the permanent teeth
Lighter
71
How are the pulp cavities of deciduous teeth different than permanent teeth
Large in proportion to crown size
72
An anomaly that occurs before birth or at birth is
Congenital
73
Where do supernumerary teeth most commonly occur
Maxillary midline and molars
74
Which teeth are least likely to be congenitally missing
Canines
75
Teeth which are situated buccally or lingually to a molar
Paramolars
76
A condition when 2 adjacent tooth germs unite they maybe united long part or the entire length of the tooth union must occur at the dentin
Fusion
77
Condition which occurs when there is a failure of the hertwigs epithelial root sheath to properly invaginate horizontally, creating elongated pulp chambers with short stunted roots
Taurodontism
78
Indentation at the midline of the upper lip
Philtrum, its derived from embryonic medial nasal processes
79
A change is identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally
Differentiation
80
There are two types of cells involved in the initiation of tooth development. One type is oral epithelial cells. What is the other?
Mesenchymal cells
81
During which week is the dental lamina seen?
6th week
82
The 1st stage of enamel organ development, the bud stage starts in the ___ embryonic week
8th week is the initial budding of the 10 thickened areas of the dental lamina
83
During the cap stage the mesenchyme forms the dental papilla which becomes
Pulp
84
This is the outermost part of the structure of the cap stage and is directly continuation of the basal cell layer
OEE
85
Appearance of the stratum intermedium is the beginning of what stage of enamel organ development
Bell stage
86
This is an extension to the lingual side of each developing primary tooth
Successional lamina
87
Which embryonic layer does dentin come from
Mesoderm
88
Which embryonic layer does enamel come from
Ectoderm
89
What are the cells that form enamel
Ameloblasts
90
What are the cells that form the dentin
Odontoblasts
91
What is the inorganic composition of enamel
96%
92
The primary unit of enamels structure
Enamel Rod
93
How many ameloblasts together form one enamel rod?
3-4
94
What is the shape of the enamel rod?
Keyhole
95
the stage of enamel development when the hydroxyapatite crystals are deposited into the enamel matrix
Mineralization stage
96
What is the inorganic composition of dentin
70 %
97
The bulk of the Dentinal material is the “glue” that holds all the tubules together
Intertubular dentin
98
The type of dentin that is formed when the tooth erupts and comes into contact with the opposing tooth
Secondary dentin
99
Reparative dentin is formed in response to local Rama and is located immediately beneath the trauma area. The type of trauma that is usually the result of cavity preparation is called
Mechanical trauma
100
Which of the following are the peripheral cells of the pulp
Odontoblasts
101
Which cells are the protection for the pulp
Macrophages
102
During the bell stage the point where the OEE meets the IEE is located at the deepest part of the enamel organ
Cervical loop
103
The tip of the epithelial root sheath that turns horizontally inward
Epithelial diaphragm
104
The 3 components of the attachment apparatus are cementum,periodontal ligament and
Alveolar bone
105
These are cells of the epithelial root sheath that have pulled away from the dentin and are found in the PDL space next to the tooth
Epithelial rest cell
106
What is the inorganic component of cementum
45-50%
107
As cementum is laid down it may assume 3 different relationships with the enamel of the crown what is the most common?
Cementum overlaps enamel
108
The type o cementum where the cementoblasts remain on the surface instead of becoming entrapped in cementum. They are located in the cervical 2/3 of the root
Acellular
109
Ends of the periodontal ligament fibers that become surrounded by cementoblasts are called
Sharpeys fibers
110
Alveolar bone originates from which embryonic layer
Mesoderm
111
Layer of bone is radiographically referred to as the lamina dura
Cribriform plate also called alveolar bone proper
112
The PDL fibers which run from cementum to alveolar bone
Alverolodental fibers
113
Alveolodental fiber group of PDL fibers that is only on multi rooted teeth
Interradicular group
114
When a tooth is lost the tooth posterior to it will usually tilt forward into the unoccupied space this is know as
Mesial drift
115
Phenomenon that refers to the total life span of the tooth from the crown development until the tooth is lost or the person dies
Active tooth eruption
116
Type of eruptive movement in high the crown of the tooth developers while the bottom of the socket fills in with bone, pushing the crown towards the surface
Spatial
117
Tooth movement in the eruptive stage tends to be
Occlusal and facial
118
The stage of eruption that takes place when the teeth come into occlusion
Post eruptive stage
119
Type of mucosa found on the gingiva and hard palate
Masticatory mucosa
120
The oral mucosa membrane is composed of stratified squamous epithelium and
Connective tissue
121
The type of stifled squamous epithelium which has a surface layer with layers of dead cells without nuclei
Keratinized
122
Type of stratified squamous epithelium that has cells on the surface with nuclei that are healthy and normal
Nonkeratinized
123
Lining mucosa
Nonkeratinized to parakeratinized
124
Tissue on the gingiva and hard palate is
Parakeratinized to keratinized
125
The peak of gingiva that extends coronally between the teeth is the
Interdental papilla
126
Part of the interdental papilla that is apical to the contact area is
Col
127
The shallow groove around the tooth
Gingival sulcus
128
The connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue
Submucosa
129
Of the 4 stages of passive eruption the stage that is considered pathological and is frequently referred to as gingival recession
Stage 4
130
The attaching of epithelium to tooth is an extremely active process, and the cells providing for this attachment are replace every
3-5 days
131
What direction do the rods run
DEJ to the surface of the crown
