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GI Histology > Oral Cavity And Esophagus > Flashcards

Oral Cavity And Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of alimentary canal:

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa/Adventitia
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2
Q

Components of mucosa layer

A
  1. lining epithelium
  2. lamina propria
  3. muscularis mucosae
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3
Q

Lining epithelium type

A
  • oral cavity and esophagus is stratified squamous

- stomach and intestine is simple columnar

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4
Q

Lamina propria

A
  • loose CT

- highly cellular and contains blood-derived leukocytes important in the immune response

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5
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A
  • thin layer of smooth muscle

- separates mucosa from submucosa

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6
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A
  • consists of dense CT
  • contains vascular plexus that sends blood vessels into the mucosa
  • Meissner’s plexus (nerve plexus)
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7
Q

Muscularis externa. What does it contain at the different levels?

A
  • smooth muscle (most of alimentary canal)
  • skeletal muscle (upper part of esophagus)
  • mixture of smooth and skeletal (middle part of the esophagus)
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8
Q

Layers of muscularis externa

A

I. inner circular layer
II. Outer longitudinal
-nerve plexus between the two layers called the myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus.

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9
Q

Serosa vs. Adventitia

A

Serosa- parts of the alimentary canal within the peritoneal cavity are covered with a simple squamous epithelium called mesothelioma.
-lining along with a thin underlying layer of CT

Adventitia- covers parts of the alimentary canal that are not within the peritoneal cavity
-lack simple squamous epithelium, consists of loose CT that blends into CT of surrounding structures

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10
Q

Layers of oral cavity?

A
  • mucosa and submucosa

- does NOT have muscularis externa or serosa/adventitia

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11
Q

Mucosa of oral cavity

A
  • does NOT have muscularis mucosae
  • lining is stratified squamous epithelium
  • mostly non-keratinized except, hard palate, gingiva, and some regions of tongue
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12
Q

Submucosa of Oral Cavity

A
  • not clearly separated from lamina propria
  • contains minor salivary glands (submucosal glands)
  • Mucous-secreting branched tubular or tubuloalveolar glands.
  • Minor salivary glands are intrinsic glands located in wall of oral cavity
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13
Q

Tissue of tongue

A
  • covered with a stratified squamous epithelium

- often keratinized on the dorsal surface

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14
Q

Muscles of tongue

A
  • skeletal muscle fibers

- has intrinsic (origin and insertion w/in tongue) and extrinsic (originate somewhere else and insert in tongue) muscles

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15
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • most abundant type in humans
  • small conical projections of the keratinized epithelium and underlying CT
  • do NOT contain tastebuds and have strictly a MECHANICAL ROLE
  • distributed over the anterior dorsal surface of tongue with tips pointing backwards
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16
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • mushroom-shaped projections
  • more numerous toward the tip of tongue
  • taste buds on APICAL surface
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17
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A
  • dome shaped on the back of the tongue
  • 8-12 total
  • surrounded by moat like groove…epithelium lining the groove is thinner and contains numerous taste buds
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18
Q

Lingual salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands) and circumvallate papillae

A
  • ducts of serous lingual salivary glands empty into the base of the groove
  • serous secretion from these glands flushes material from the groove and enables taste buds to respond to changing stimuli
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19
Q

Foliate papillae

A
  • formed of parallel low ridges on the lateral sides of the tongue
  • histological organization is similar to circumvallate: numerous taste buds are located in grooves b/t adjacent foliate papillae, and lingual salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands) drain into these grooves
20
Q

Taste buds

A
  • oval shaped
  • pale staining structures that extend the thickness of the epithelium
  • taste pore is a small opening on the apical surface of taste bud
  • cell types include sensory and support cells
  • stimulation of taste receptors on sensory cells initiates a cascade of reactions that generates nerve impulse along the postsynaptic sensory nerve
21
Q

Main role of Major Salivary Glands is the production of saliva. What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • lubricates the oral cavity and moistens the food
  • Some digestive enzymes (carbs-amylase)
  • Antimicrobial-controls microbial growth within the oral cavity and caries
  • contains IgA
  • source of calcium and phosphate ions essential for normal tooth development
22
Q

Components of Major Salivary Glands

A
  • are extrinsic glands
    1. Secretory part
    2. Duct system
    3. Stroma
23
Q

Stroma of Major Salivary Glands

A
  • glands surrounded by capsule of dense CT
  • septa of CT extend inward from the capsule and divide the gland into lobules
  • CT elements frequently contain numerous adipocytes
24
Q

Serous acini of secretory part of Major Salivary Glands

A
  • protein secreting serous cells
  • cell structure: euchromatic nucleus in center of cell; basal part of cell is basophilic due to the extensive amounts of RER; the apical cytoplasm is filled with numerous, small secretory granules that stain with eosin.
  • cells are pyramidal in shape..Serous acini are spherical in shape
25
Q

Mucous acini of the secretory part of Major Salivary Glands

A
  • composed of mucus secreting cells
  • heterochromatic nuclei placed basally in the cell; central and apical portions of these cells are filled with mucous secretory granules that stain light with H&E
  • mucous cells are columnar in shape ..so mucous acini have tubular shape
26
Q

Mixed (seromucous) acini

A

-composed of tubular mucous component and a serous cap, or a serous demilune

27
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A
  • non-secretory cells present within the acini

- contractile cells that embrace the basal parts of the acinar secretory cells

28
Q

Ductal system of salivary glands, arrangement?

A
  • ducts within lobule are intralobular
  • ducts located b/t the lobules are interlobular
  • Main ducts: ducts that run from the gland to the oral cavity
29
Q

2 portions of the intralobular ducts

A
  1. Intercalated ducts

2. Striated ducts

30
Q

Intercalated ducts of the intralobular duct

A
  • begin directly from the secretory acini
  • lined with low cuboidal epithelium
  • nucleus located near the base of the ductal cells
31
Q

Striated ducts of the intralobular ducts

A
  • connect intercalated duct s to interlobular ducts
  • lined with simple columnar epithelium
  • striated duct cells have numerous infoldings of the basal plasma membrane lined with numerous elongated mitochondria. *morphologic specialization is associated with active reabsorption of ions
  • alter ionic composition of saliva (make saliva hypotonic by actively transporting NaCl from the saliva)
  • striations fill basal part of cell so nucleus is typically in the middle or upper part of cell.
32
Q

Interlobular ducts

A

-lined with stratified columnar epithelium

—simple columnar and stratified cuboidal epithelium can be also found within the lining of these ducts

33
Q

Main ducts

A

-as they approach the oral cavity their lining changes to stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

Parotid salivary gland

A
  • largest of the 3 major salivary glands

- completely SEROUS

35
Q

Submandibular salivary glands

A
  • mixed glands that contain MOSTLY SEROUS ACINI with fewer mucous acini scattered
  • serous demilunes are often found in this gland
36
Q

Sublingual salivary glands

A
  • mixed glands that contain MOSTLY MUCOUS ACINI with fewer serous acini scattered among them.
  • Serous demilunes are often found in this gland
37
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A
  • most common benign tumor

- composed of ductal and myoepithelial cells

38
Q

Mucosa of esophagus

A
  • epithelium is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • lamina propria is loose CT similar to rest of GI tract, but less cellular
  • muscularis mucosae is different than stomach and intestine. It is composed of longitudinally oriented bundles of smooth muscle, separated by CT
39
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A
  • metaplasia of the esophageal epithelium—stratified squamous epithelium to specialized intestinal columnar epithelium.
  • most common of white male over 50 and GERD
  • most common precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma
40
Q

Glands of esophagus location

A
  • found within the mucosa and submucosa

- both secrete mucus to lubricate and protect the luminal wall

41
Q

Mucosal glands of esophagus

A

-mucosal glands are called the esophageal cardiac glands and are only present in the terminal part of the esophagus and sometimes in the very beginning of it

42
Q

Esophageal glands proper of esophagus

A
  • located within the submucosa

- small compound tubuloalveolar glands scattered along the length of the esophagus

43
Q

Submucosa of esophagus

A
  • composed of dense irregular CT
  • numerous blood and lymphatic vessels
  • Nerve fibers and ganglion cells form Meissner’s plexus
  • contain esophageal glands proper
44
Q

Muscularis externa of the esophagus

A
  • inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer
  • different than stomach and intestine b/c it contains skeletal muscle in some parts.
  • Upper part composed entirely of skeletal muscle. Middle 1/3 mix of smooth and skeletal. Lower 1/3 composed entirely of smooth muscle
45
Q

Adventitia of esophagus

A

-formed of loose CT that blends into the surrounding CT, but very distal portion of the esophagus projects into the peritoneal cavity and is covered with a serosa

GI Histology (1 decks)

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