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GI > Oral cavity and salivary gland infections > Flashcards

Oral cavity and salivary gland infections Flashcards

1
Q

causes of oral thrush

A
  1. candida albicans
  2. DM/ neutropenia
  3. prolonged immunosuppression
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2
Q

what causes chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

results from defects in T17

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3
Q

virulence factors of candida albicans

A

adhesins

catalase positive

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4
Q

how does candida albicans invade the oral mucosa

A

adheres to the mucosa via adhesins and produces true hyphae with enzymes that invade the mucosa

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5
Q

thrush treatment

A

oral nystatin

fluconalzole

oral gelatin violet

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6
Q

microscopic appearance of candida on KOH mount

A

hyphae or pseudohyphae in tissue sections

yeast in the cold

germ tubes in the heat

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7
Q

what do you use to grow candida

A

sabouraud agar shows smooth pasty colonies

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8
Q

causes of oral ulcers

A

HSV

Coxackie A

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9
Q

classification of HSV

A

enveloped ds DNA virus with icosahedral capsid

they are the only viruses that obtain their envelopes by budding from the nuclear membrane

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10
Q

what does HSV1 cause

A

gingivostomatitis

cold sores

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11
Q

describe the replicative cycle of HSV1

A
  1. attaches to the cell surface receptor for FGF
  2. virion uncoats and the genome enters the nucleus
  3. DNA changes its configuration from linear to circular
  4. virus mRNA is transcribed by host cell RNA polymerase and translated into early nonstructural proteins in the cytoplasm
  5. viral DNA replicates the genome DNA
  6. early protein synthesis is stopped and late protein synthesis begins and are transported to the nucleus where virion assembly occurs
  7. virion buds through the nuclear membrane (obtaining its envelope) and exits the cell via tubules or vacules
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12
Q

how is HSV-1 transmitted

A

saliva

Remember that infected individuals shed virus in the absence of clinical symptoms

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13
Q

characteristics of gingivostomatitis

A

fever

irritability

oral vesicular lesions

lymphadenitis and malaise last for 3 weeks

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14
Q

where is herpes labialis usually seen

A

mucocutaneous junction of the lips or nose

frequently reappears at same site

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15
Q

how do you diagnose HSV

A

PCR for DNA

HSV antigen

Tzank smear(not diagnostic, but shows cowdry A type inclusion bodies)

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16
Q

describe the appearance of hand foot and mouth disease

A

oropharyngeal ulcerations

sore throat

vesicular eruptions on the palms and soles, which spread to the arms and legs

vesicles heal without crusting

17
Q

describe the appearance of herpangina

A

fever

sore throat

tender vesicles on the oropharynx

vesicles are usually at the junction of the hard and soft palates and consist of hard white papules that appear less inflamed (when compared to HSV)

18
Q

what is Vincent’s angina

what causes it

treatment

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

fusobacterium

borrelia

penicillin + Metronidazole

thorough dental management

19
Q

describe early actinomyces infection

A

hard, non-tender swelling of the jaw with sulfur granules

later drains into sinus tracts

20
Q

where else can actinomyces infect

A

pelvis due to IUD for an extended period of time

21
Q

how do you identify actinomyces

A

anaerobic gram positive filamentous rods

22
Q

classify Mumps

A

enveloped ssRNA- virus with a helical capsid

23
Q

when does the virion spike occur in mumps

A

during hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activity

24
Q

what does hemagglutinin do

A

a glycoprotein that causes RBCs to agglutinate

25
Q

what is neuraminidase

A

enzyme that catalyzes the breakdowns of glycosides

contains neuramic acid

26
Q

how is mumps spread

A
  1. from respiratory droplets and travel to local lymph nodes
  2. blood stream
  3. organs (especially Parotid gland)
27
Q

complications of mumps

A

sterility via orchitis

aseptic meningitis

encephalitis

acute pancreatitis

28
Q

tenderness and swelling of parotid glands

pain with drinking citrus juices

A

presentation of mumps

spontaneously resolves within a week

29
Q

what causes acute suppurative parotitis

A

staph aureus

salivary stasis

retrograde seeding of the Stensens duct

30
Q

characterize acute suppurative parotitis

HPI

A

sudden onset of firm, tender, erythematous selling in the pre-auricular area, over the parotid and mandibular angle

c/o trismus and dysphagia

GI (7 decks)

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