Oral Cavity and Tongue

Question 1

What causes a tongue-tie?

Answer 1

Thickening of the lingual frenulum

Question 2

What are the ridges found on the palate called?

Answer 2

Palatal rugae

Question 3

What structure is formed by the end of the soft palate?

Answer 3

Uvula

Question 4

What is the isthmus of the fauces?

Answer 4

Demarcation between oral cavity and pharynx

Question 5

Name the 5 muscles of the soft palate

Answer 5

1. Tensor palatini
2. Levator palatini
3. Palatoglossus
4. Palatopharyngeus
5. Musculus uvulae

Question 6

What is the function of tensor palatini?

Answer 6

Tighten the soft palate

Question 7

What is the function of levator palatini?

Answer 7

Elevate the soft palate

Question 8

What is the motor supply of the soft palate?

Answer 8

Cranial part of accessory travelling with the vagus except tensor palatini which is supplied by mandibular nerve

Question 9

What branch of CN IX is involved in the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 9

Pharyngeal branch - Sensory

Question 10

What 2 branches of CN X are involved in the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 10

1. Pharyngeal branch - Motor

2. Superior cervical ganglion

Question 11

What branch of CN XI is involved in the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 11

Cranial part

Question 12

What is the sensory supply of the soft palate?

Answer 12

Maxillary and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

What is the arterial supply of the soft palate?

Answer 13

Ascending palatine branch of facial artery

Question 14

What is found on either side of the frenulum on the inferior surface of the tongue?

Answer 14

Lingual vein

Question 15

What is found lateral to the lingual vein on the inferior surface of the tongue?

Answer 15

Fimbriated fold

Question 16

What is found on either side of the frenulum in the floor of the mouth?

Answer 16

Sublingual papilla

Question 17

What is the significance of the sublingual papilla?

Answer 17

It is where the sublingual duct opens

Question 18

Where does the submandibular gland open in the mouth?

Answer 18

Sublingual caruncle

Question 19

What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 19

Muscles which lie within the substance of the tongue

Question 20

What is the general function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 20

Change shape of the tongue

Question 21

Give 3 specific ways the intrinsic muscles of the tongue work

Answer 21

1. Shorten the tongue via longitudinal intrinsic muscles
2. Narrow the tongue via transverse intrinsic muscles
3. Flatten the tongue via vertical intrinsic muscles

Question 22

What is the nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 22

CN XII

Question 23

What are extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 23

Muscles which lie external to substance of the tongue

Question 24

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 24

Changes the direction of the tongue

Question 25

What is the nerve supply of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 25

CN XII except palatoglossus which is supplied by CN XI via CN X

Question 26

What are the 3 possible arrangements of intrinsic muscle fibres?

Answer 26

1. Longitudinal 2. Transverse 3. Vertical

Question 27

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 27

1. Palatoglossus 2. Hypoglossus 3. Styloglossus 4. Genioglossus

Question 28

What is the origin of the genioglossus?

Answer 28

Superior mental tubercles on the posterior surface of mandibular symphysis

Question 29

What is the insertion of the superior and middle fibres of the genioglossus?

Answer 29

Tongue

Question 30

What is the insertion of the inferior fibres of the genioglossus?

Answer 30

Body of the hyoid

Question 31

What is the nerve supply of the genioglossus?

Answer 31

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 32

What is the action of the genioglossus?

Answer 32

Protrude the apex of the tongue through the mouth

Question 33

What is the origin of the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 33

Hyoid bone

Question 34

What is the insertion of the hypoglossus muscle?

Answer 34

Blends with other muscles of the tongue

Question 35

What is the nerve supply of the hypoglossus muscle?

Answer 35

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 36

What is the function of the hypoglossus muscle?

Answer 36

Depress the tongue

Question 37

What is the origin of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 37

Styloid process of temporal bone

Question 38

What is the insertion of the styloglossus?

Answer 38

Lateral aspect of the tongue

Question 39

What is the nerve supply of the styloglossus?

Answer 39

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 40

What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 40

Draw tongue upwards and backwards

Question 41

What is the origin of the palatoglossus?

Answer 41

Palatine aponeurosis

Question 42

What is the insertion of the palatoglossus?

Answer 42

Side of the tongue

Question 43

What is the nerve supply of the palatoglossus?

Answer 43

Accessory via the vagus

Question 44

What are the 2 actions of the palatoglossus?

Answer 44

1. Pulls roots of tongue upwards and backwards | 2. Narrow oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 45

What is the arterial supply of the tongue?

Answer 45

Lingual artery

Question 46

Where does the lingual artery originate?

Answer 46

As a branch from the external carotid

Question 47

Where does the lingual artery originate?

Answer 47

Adjacent to the tip of the greater horn of hyoid bone

Question 48

What is the venous drainage of the tongue?

Answer 48

Lingual veins

Question 49

Where do lingual veins drain to?

Answer 49

Internal jugular vein

Question 50

What are the 4 lymph nodes which drain the tongue?

Answer 50

1. Retropharyngeal 2. Deep cervical 3. Submental 4. Submadibular