Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2.4 Anatomy > Oral Cavity, Palate, Tongue, Salivary Glands and Duct, Mandible > Flashcards

Oral Cavity, Palate, Tongue, Salivary Glands and Duct, Mandible Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the major functions of the oral cavity?

A

Digestion, communication and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the divisions of the oral cavity?

A

Oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the oral vestibule and where is it?

A

The oral vestibule is a slit-like space situated anteriorly between the teeth and the gums, and the lips and the cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the oral vestibule communicate with the exterior?

A

It communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the oral cavity proper?

A

This lies posterior to the oral vestibule, between the upper and lower dental arcades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the oral cavity proper communicate with posteriorly?

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the lips?

A

Mobile, musculofibrous folds surrounding the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the lips extend from?

A

They extend from the nasolabial sulci and nares superolaterally to the mentolabial sulcus inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the contents of the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris, superior and inferior labial muscles, vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the superior and inferior labial fenula?

A

These are fre-edged folds of mucous membrane in the midline, extending from the vestibular gingiva of the mucosa of the upper and lower ribs, respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the lips?

A

Superior and inferior labial arteries to the upper and lower lip, respectively. These are branches of the facial and infraorbital artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the innervation of the lips?

A

Superior and inferior labial branches of infraorbital nerve supplying the upper and lower lip respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the boundaries of the buccal region?

A

Anteriorly by the oral and mental regions
Superiorly by the zygomatic region
Posteriorly by the zygomatic region
Inferiorly by the inferior border of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the prominence of the cheeks occur?

A

At the junction of the zygomatic and buccal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the principle muscles of the cheeks?

A

Buccinators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation of the cheeks?

A

Buccal branches of maxillary a.
Buccal branches of mandibular n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between the gingiva proper and alveolar mucosa?

A

The gingiva proper is firmly attached to alveolar part of the mandible, alveolar process of maxilla and necks of teeth. It appears pink, stippled and keratinized.
The alveolar mucosa is unattached gingiva, and is normally shiny red and non-keratinizing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the palate separate?

A

It separates the oral cavities from the nasal cavities and nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 regions of the palate?

A

The hard palate anterior, which is bony
The soft palate posteriorly, which is muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bones make up the hard palate?

A

Palatine process of maxilla
Horizontal plates of palatine bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the foramina located in the hard palate, where are they located, and what travels through them?

A

Incisive fossa - midline of bony palate posterior to central incisor - nasopalatine n. and greater palatine a.
Greater palatine foramen - lateral border of bony palate - greater palatine vessels and n.
Lesser palatine foramen - posterior to greater - lesser palatine n. and vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the anterior part of the soft palate and what strengthens it?

A

Apnoneurotic part is strengthened by the palatine apnoneurosis, which attaches to the posterior edge of the hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the uvula?

A

This is the conical process from the curved, free margin of the posteroinferior soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What joins the wall of the pharynx laterally to the tongue and pharynx?

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, respectively. These house the muscles of the same name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the space between the oral cavity and pharynx?
Fauces
26
What is the space between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, and what is found within them?
Tonsillar sinus/fossa, housing the palatine tonsils
27
Which artery supplies the palate?
Greater palatine artery and lesser palatine artery (anastomoses with ascending palatine artery)
28
What is the venous drainage of the palate?
Pterygoid venous plexus
29
What is the sensory innervation of the palate?
Branches of maxillary nerve from the pterygopalatine ganglion. Greater palatine n. supplies most of hard palate Nasopalatine supplies anterior part of hard palate Lesser palatine n. supplies soft palate
30
What is the motor innervation of the palate?
Pharyngeal plexus of nerves
31
What fills the floor of the oral cavity?
Muscular diaphragm Geniohyoid muscles Tongue Salivary glands and ducts
32
What is the muscular diaphragm of the oral cavity composed of and what is its function?
Bilateral mylohyoid muscles Provides structural support to the floor of the mouth and pulls the larynx upwards during swallowing
33
What is the origin and insertion of the mylohyoid muscle?
Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible Insertion: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
34
What is the origin and insertion of the geniohyoid muscle?
Origin: Inferior mental spine Insertion: Body of hyoid
35
What are the parts of the tongue?
Root, body and apex
36
What are the 2 surfaces of the tongue?
Superior and posterior surface making up the dorsum Inferior surface
37
What are the features of the dorsum of the tongue?
It has a v-shaped sulcus (sulcus terminalis), who's angle points towards the foramen caecum. It divides the dorsum into an anterior presulcal part (2/3) and posterior postsulcul part (1/3) It is separated into left and right parts by the median furrow, a midline groove
38
What are the papilla of the tongue?
vallate (circumvallate) foliate filiform fungiform
39
Which lingual papilla contain taste buds?
vallate, foliate and fungiform
40
Where are the lingual papilla located?
Presulcal part of the dorsum of the tongue Vallate - terminal sulcus Filiform - along median furrow Foliate - on lateral aspect of tongue Fungiform - on dorsum
41
What is found on the postsulcal tongue?
There are no papillae, but there is nodules of lymphoid mass giving it an irregular appearance. These are the lingual tonsils.
42
What attaches the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor?
Lingual frenulum
43
What are the functions of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Intrinsic - change the shape of the tongue Extrinsic - move the tongue, mastication, swallowing, speech
44
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Palatoglossus Styloglossus
45
What is the origin and insertion of the genoioglossus?
Origin: Superior mental spine of mandible Insertion: Entire dorsum of tongue, lingual aponeurosis, body of hyoid bone
46
What is the origin and insertion of the hyoglossus?
Origin: Body and greater horn of hyoid Insertion: Inferior aspects of lateral tongue
47
What is the origin and insertion of the styloglossus?
Origin: Anterolateral aspect of styloid process, stylohyoid ligament Insertion: Inferior longitudinal and hyoglossus muscles
48
What is the origin and insertion of the palatoglossus?
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate Insertion: Lateral muscles of tongue, blends with intrinsic muscles
49
What is the sensory innervation of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3: Lingual nerve Posterior 2/3: Glossopharyngeal nerve Root: Vagus
50
What is the special innervation of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3: Chorda tympani Posterior 2/3: Glossopharyngeal Root: Vagus
51
What is the motor innervation of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve, except palatoglossus which is supplied by vagus
52
What is the capsule surrounding the parotid gland?
Parotid sheath
53
Between which two bones is the parotid gland wedged?
Mastoid process and ramus of mandible
54
What is the base and the apex of the parotid gland related?
Base = zygomatic arch Apex = posterior to the angle of the mandible
55
What are the lobes of the parotid gland and what forms them?
As the facial nerve passes horizontally through the gland, it divides it into a superficial and deep lobe. The deep lobe is superior
56
What structures are located superficially (lateral) to the parotid gland?
Skin and superficial fascia Greater auricular nerve Parotid lymph nodes
57
What structures are located superior to the parotid gland?
External auditory meatus Temporomandibular joint
58
Which structures are located anteromedially to the parotid gland?
Stylomandibular ligament Medial pterygoid muscle Posterior border of ramus of mandible Masseter muscle Terminal branches of facial nerve Temporomandibular joint
59
Which structures are located posteromedially to the parotid gland?
Carotid sheath with its contents Styloid process and attached muscles Facial nerve Posterior belly of digastric Mastoid process Sternocleidomastoid muscle
60
Where is the parotid bed found?
In the space between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process
61
What structures pass through the parotid gland from deep to superficial?
Auriculotemporal nerve External carotid artery Retromandibular vein Facial nerve
62
Where does Stensen's duct emerge from?
It emerges from the anterior edge of the gland
63
What is the course of the parotid duct?
It passes forward over the masseter muscle and at the anterior border it turns medially to pierce the buccinator muscle
64
Where does the parotid duct open into?
It opens into the vestibule of the mouth on the parotid papilla, opposite the 2nd upper molar teeth
65
What accompanies Stensen's duct on its path?
Upper buccal branches of the facial nerve above it Lower buccal branches of the facial nerve below it
66
What provides sensory innervation to the parotid gland/duct?
Auriculotemporal nerve
67
What provides sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland/duct?
Cervical ganglia and external carotid plexus
68
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland/duct?
Glossopharyngeal nerve, via its tympanic branch travel to the otic ganglion After this they pass with the auriculotemporal nerve to innervate the gland
69
Where is the submandibular gland located?
It is located in the submandibular triangle
70
What are the boundaries of the submandibular gland?
Superiorly - inferior body of mandible Anteriorly - anterior belly of digastric muscle Posteriorly - posterior belly of digastric muscle
71
What carries the secretions of the submandibular gland?
Submandibular/Wharton's duct
72
Where does the submandibular gland emerge from?
It emerges from the deep part of the gland between the mylohyoid, hypoglossus and genioglossus muscles
73
Where does Wharton's duct open into?
It opens into the sublingual papilla on either side of the lingual frenulum
74
Which nerves are anatomically related to the submandibular gland?
Lingual Hypoglossal Facial
75
What are the anatomical relations of the lingual nerve to the submandibular gland?
It begins at the lateral aspect of the submandibular gland It then courses anteromedially by looping beneath the duct and then terminating as several branches
76
What are the anatomical relations of the hypoglossal nerve to the submandibular gland?
It lies deep to the submandibular gland It runs superficial to the hyppoglossus and deep to the digastric muscle
77
What are the anatomical relations of the facial nerve to the submandibular gland?
It exits the anteroinferior portion of the parotid gland at the angle of the jaw It then traverses the margin of the mandible in the plane between the platysma and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia down inferior to the submandibular gland
78
What provides sympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland?
Superior cervical ganglion, where post-synaptic fibres travel as a plexus on the ICA, ECA, facial a. and branches to enter the gland
79
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland?
Parasympathetic fibres originate from the superior salivatory nucleus as presynaptic fibres, which travel with the chorda tympani branch. They then synapse at the submandibular ganglion and unify with the lingual nerve
80
Where are the sublingual glands found?
On the floor of the oral cavity proper, under the tongue
81
What bounds the sublingual glands laterally and medially?
Laterally - mandible Medially - genioglossus
82
What drains the sublingual glands?
8-10 minor sublingual ducts (of Rivinus)
83
Where do the sublingual ducts open to?
As a U-shape onto the sublingual golds around the lingual frenulum
84
What is the superior, elevated, elongated crest of mucous membrane of the U-shape of the sublingual glands?
Sublingual fold or plica sublingualis
85
What are the 2 components of the mandible?
Body and ramus
86
Where do the body and ramus of the mandible meet?
At the angle of the mandible
87
What is the mental protruberance?
The midline swelling of the base of the mandible on its anterior surface when viewed laterally
88
What are the bony landmarks of the ramus of the mandible?
Body, neck and coronoid process
89
What does the condyle articulate with?
Temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
90
Which foramina are located on the manidble?
Mental and mandibular foramina
91
Where is the mandibular foramen locared?
It is located on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible
92
Which structures pass through the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar artery and nerve
93
Where is the mental foramen located?
It is positioned on the external surface of the mandible body, below the second premolar tooth
94
Which structures exit the mental foramen?
Inferior alveolar artery and nerve The nerve exits as the mental nerve
95
The temporomandibular joint consists of articulations between 3 surfaces. What are these surfaces?
The mandibular fossa from the squamous part of the temporal bone The articular tubercle from the squamous part of the temporal bone The head of the mandible
96
What separates the articular surfaces of the TMJ?
An articular disk
97
What does the articular disk divide the TMJ into?
It divides the joint into 2 synovial cavities, each lined by a synovial membrane
98
How does the movement differ between the superior and inferior cavities of the TMJ?
Superior = gliding, protrusion and retrusion Inferior = depression and elevation
99
What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments that stablises the TMJ?
Lateral ligament Sphenomandibular ligament Stylomandibular ligament
100
What is the lateral ligament and where does it run from?
It is a thickening of the joint capsule and runs from the beginning of the articular tubercle to the mandibular neck
101
What does the lateral ligament prevent?
Posterior dislocation of the joint
102
Where does the sphenomandibular ligament originate from and attach to?
Originates from the sphenoid spine Attaches to the mandible
103
What is the stylomandibular ligament a thickening of?
Fascia of parotid gland
104
What is the function of the stylomandibular ligament?
Together with the facial muscles, it supports the weight of the jaw

2.4 Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions