Oral cavity - Smith Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
Apical part of tooth
A
Tooth root
2
Q
Coronal part of tooth
A
Crown, I think it’s under gums
3
Q
Occludal part of tooth
A
Erupted portion
4
Q
Maxillary cheek have
A
Buccal/palatal sides
5
Q
Mandibular cheek teeth have
A
Buccal/lingual sides
6
Q
Interdental spaces of cheek teeth are
A
Rostral or caudal
7
Q
Maxillary incisors have
A
Labial/palatal sides
8
Q
Mandibular incisors have
A
Labial/lingual sides
9
Q
Interdental spaces of incisors are
A
Mesial/disal aspects
10
Q
Type of teeth horses have
A
Hypsodont teeth
11
Q
Hypsodont teeth
A
- High crowned teeth
2. Enamel extending past gum line
12
Q
Anatomic crown
A
Part of tooth covered by enamel
13
Q
Clinical crown
A
I don’t know what he means by this
14
Q
Reserve crown
A
What you can’t see
- Alveolar
- Gingival
15
Q
Eruption/wear rate
A
2-3 mm/yr
16
Q
Attrition
A
Tooth wear due to multiple factors
17
Q
Occlusal surface
A
- Cementum-cementoblasts
- Enamel-ameleoblasts
- Dentin-ondontoblasts
18
Q
Pulp
A
- Connective tissue skeleton
- odontoblasts
- vasculature
- lymphatics
- nerves
19
Q
Common pulp
A
- Separate pulp horn -> 1 yr
2. Roots -> 2 yrs
20
Q
Number pulp horns Incisors/canines
A
One
21
Q
Number pulp horns CT 7-10
A
Five
22
Q
Number pulp horns CT 6, Mandibular 11
A
Six
23
Q
Number pulp horns Maxillary 11
A
Seven
24
Q
Triadan classification
A
Deciduous teeth 24 teeth
-500s, 600s, 700s, 800s
Permanent teeth 36-44 teeth
-100s, 200s, 300, 400s
25
Aging
Occlusal surface, lower incisors
- Dental star = pulp cavity
- Infundibular cup
- Enamel spot = apical aspect infundibulum
26
General features of aging
1. change in shape of occlusal surface
2. Direction of upper and lower incisors
3. Lengths vs width of upper corner incisor
4. Hook of upper corner incisor (7-13 yrs) 7 yr notch
5. Galvaynes groove
27
Galvaynes groove
```
10 yrs - start to see it upper corner incisor
15 yrs - halfway down tooth
20 yrs - all the way down tooth
25 yrs - halfway gone
30 yrs - gone
```
28
Incisor wear pattern depends on
1. Individual variation
2. Diet
3. Environment
4. Eruption times
5. Mineralization rates
6. Depth of enamel infundibulum
7. Behavior
29
Canines
1. Don't have deciduous canines
2. Eruption at 4-6 yrs
3. May not be present in females
4. Long reserve crown
5. Pulp cavity within 5 mm occlusal surface
30
Wolf teeth
1. Brachydonts
2. May be deciduous
3. Maxillary more common than mandibular
* Make sure you get all of the reserve crown (up to 30mmlong)
31
Cheek teeth eruption: premolars
1. Deciduous - 1st week
2. Permanent
06 at 2.5 yrs
07 at 3 yrs
08 at 4 yrs
32
Cheek teeth eruption: molars
```
NO DECIDUOUS
Permanent
09 at 1 yr
10 at 2 yrs
11 at 3.5 yrs
```
33
Wider arcade
Maxillary arcade
34
Nerve Blocks
1. Maxillary
2. Infraorbital
3. Mandibular
4. Mental
35
Schedule of dental exams
1. First 30 days
2. Prior to training
3. 2.5-3 yrs old
4. Every 6-12 mos after
36
Most malocclusions start within
First 5 years of life
37
Dental chart
1. Standard of care
2. Legal document
3. Signalment
4. Dental hx
5. Oral exam
6. Dental procedures
7. Proposed future care
8. At home instructions
38
Patient observation
1. Stable management
2. Vices
3. Hair coat
4. Body condition
5. Visual exam
6. Mastication
7. Feces
39
Extra oral exam
1. Gross abnormalities - symmetry
2. Palpation
-Mandible
-Maxillary region
-TMJ
-Salivary glands
-Lymph nodes
3. Sinus percussion
4. Nasal passages
-airflow
-odor
-discharge
5 Tongue/tongue tonw
40
Oral exam: Soft tissue
1. Palate
2. Tongue
3. Buccal mucosa
41
Oral exam: Teeth
1. Conformation
2. Position
3. Number
4. Abnormalities
42
Oral Exam Dental pick
Periodontal pockets - 0.5-12 mm normal
| Pulp horns
43
Oral exam palpation of arcades
1. Height
2. Stability
3. Occlusal surface
4. Interdental space
44
Oral exam don't forget
visual exam with mirror
45
Brachygnathism
Parrot mouth, overjet, smile
- rostral 106/206 hooks
- caudal 311/411 hooks
46
Prognathism
Sow mouth, underjet, frown
- rostral 306/406 hooks
- caudal 111/211 hooks
47
hypodontia
missing teeth-rare
48
polydontia
1. supernumerary
2. incisors more common than CT
3. Maxillary incisors
4. Caudal maxillary CT
5. Canine and wolf teeth are rare
49
Retention of deciduous incisors
1. Permanent tooth develops lingually ush
2. May need rads
3. Permanent changes in position is retained long enough
50
Retention of deciduous cheek teeth
1. Source of discomfort
| 2. Predisposes to eruption cysts and apical infections
51
Tooth extraction
1. Consider if contralateral cap is shed
| 2. Premature extraction may predispose to infundibular cement hypoplasia
52
Wry nose
Shortening/deviation of incisive and maxillary bones
- airflow disturbances
- not great progn
53
Abnormalities of wear
1. Cheek teeth enamel overgrowths
2. Shear mouth
3. Wave mouth
4. Step mouth
5. Smooth mouth
54
Cheek teeth enamel overgrowths
Anisognathia
1. Grain diets
2. Breed related
3. Soft tissue ulceration
4. Bitting problems
5. Quidding
55
Shear mouth
Perpetuation of CT overgrowths
- restricts side to side motion
- leads to quidding
- leads to peridontal dz
56
Wave mouth
Undulating occlusal surfaces in rostrocaudal direction
- restricts mastication
- predisposes to other dental disorders
- age related
57
Possible etiology of wave mouth
1. Periodontal disease
2. Different eruption time
3. Focal overgrowth
4. Diastema
58
Step mouth
Rectagular or triangular shaped overgrowth
59
Etiology step mouth
1. CT extraction
2. CT maleruption
3. Diastemata
60
Step mouth can lead to
Wave mouth or shear mouth
61
Smooth mouth
Loss or reductio of enamel ridges
- insufficient enamel infolding
- absence of CT infundibula
- enamel dysplasia
- age-related
62
Diastemata Primary
Inadequate rostrocaudal CT angulation
63
Diastemata Secondary
1. Overcrowding
| 2. Secondary to loss or displacement of CT
64
Diastemata closed/valve
1. Periodontal dz
2. Osteomyelitis
3. Oromaxillary fistula
65
Diastema open
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66
Periodontal disease
1. Inflammation of :
- gingiva/periodontal ligament/ cementum/ alveolar bone
2. Ush secondary to
- displaced CT/ Diastemata
67
Examples periodontal dz/sequelae
1. Periodontal food pocketing
2. Osteomyelitis
3. Pulp infection
4. Apical infection
68
Pulpitis
1. Does not indicate tooth death-can be sealed by dentin
2. Higher liklihood of death if
- multiple horns affected
- marked dental caries
- probe depth > 2 cm
69
Apical infections
young horses, cause of pulpar exposure, something about fractures
70
Apical infection CS
```
Variable
Maxillary CT 6-8
-maxillary swelling, sinus tracts, nasal discharge not as common
Maxillary CT 9-11
-sinusitis
Mandibular
-Mandibular swelling, sinus tract
```
71
Corrective dental procedures levels
Level 1 - dental prophylaxis
Level 2 - performance dentistry
Level 3 - corrective dentistry
Level 4 - Oral/dental sx
72
Goals of corrective dental procedures
1. Relieve discomfort from sharp enamel points
2. Reduce dental elongations
3. Improve mastication
4. Alleviate stress on worn teeth
5. Prevent discomfort and improve performance
73
Dental prophylaxis 107-110, 207-210
Straight head
74
Dental prophylaxis 110, 111, 210, 211
Upward 10-15 degree head
75
Dental prophylaxis 106, 107, 206, 207
Outward 20 degree head
76
Dental prophylaxis 306-310, 406-410
Straight, offset head
77
Dental prophylaxis 311, 411
Back molar float
