Oral Cavity, Tongue And Pharynx Flashcards
What are the hard and soft palates?
Hard - front of roof of mouth, made from 2 bones: palatine process of maxilla anteriorly and the horizontal plate of palatine bone posteriorly
Soft - back of roof off mouth, 5 muscles and connective tissue - end with uvula
Which two arches bind the soft palate to the tongue and pharynx? What’s between them?
The palatoglossal arch anteriorly and the palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly
Between arches are the palatine tonsils on each side
What is too short when a person is ‘tongue tied’? What’s either side of this structure?
Lingual frenulum connects floor of mouth to tongue
Can be snipped if not feeding properly
Submandibular ducts either side
What’s the area called between lips/ gums and teeth?
Vestibule
The mouth is split into 4 quadrants, name the tether from lateral to medial in one quadrant
2 molars
3 pre-molars
1 canine
2 incisors
Overall 32 teeth
What are the muscles of the tongue (split into two categories)? What innervates them?
Intrinsic: 4 paired muscles 1superior longitudinal 1 inferior longitudinal 1 vertical 1 transverse On each side motor innervation - hypoglossal N
Extrinsic: Genioglossus (from mandible) Hypoglossus (from hyoid) Styloglossus (from styloid process temporal) Motor innervation- hypoglossal N
& palatoglossus (from palates)
Motor innervation - vagus N
What innervates the tongue to provide general sensory and taste?
Anterior 2/3:
Sensory - trigeminal V3
Taste - facial N
Posterior 1/3:
Sensation and taste - glossopharyngeal
Where are each of the salivary ducts located and how do they release saliva to the oral cavity?
Submandibular - pairs either side at around angle of jaw -> wharton duct -> each side of lingual frenulum
Parotid gland -in front of ears either side -> stensen duct -> near 2nd pre-molar
Sublingual - (smallest and most diffuse, 3-5% of saliva) - under tongue -> 8- 20 excretory ducts ‘ducts of Rivinus’ -> adjacent to incisors
What is a sialolithiasis? What are the symptoms? How do you diagnose?
Salivary gland stone - most in submandibular glands, most less then 1cm diameter
❌ dehydration (reduced salivary flow), eating/ thinking about food stimulates pain in gland, welling -> infection
History, X- ray, sialogram (inject dye-> x-ray)
What is tonsillitis, what are the symptoms , causes?
Inflammation of the palatine tonsils between arches, normally tucked away but visible when inflamed.
❌fever, sore throat, pain/ dysphasia, cervical LNs enlarged, bad breath
viral causes most common, bacterial 40% e.g. strep pyogenes
What is a peritonsillar abscess/ quinsy? Symptoms?
Pus filled pocket forms near tonsils Due to infection behind tonsils usually from untreated/ partially treated strep throat/ tonsillitis or can arise on its own from bacterial infection
❌ fever, bad breath, drooling, difficulty opening mouth, hot potato voice, deviated uvula away
Boundaries of the nasopharynx and contents
Roof - base of skull
Floor- upper border soft palate
Posterior- C1, C2
Anterior - nasal cavity
Contains - pharyngeal tonsil/ adenoid (starts near end of nasal septum)
What can enlarged adenoids cause?
Block Eustachian tube - recurrent/ persistent middle ear infections
Snoring- sleep apnoea
Sleeping with mouth open
Chronic sinusitis (sore throat)
Nasal tone to voice
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx? Contents?
Roof - soft palate
Floor - epiglottis
Anterior - oral cavity
Posterior - C2, C3
Contains - palatine tonsils
What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx/ hypopharynx? Contents?
Roof - oropharynx
Floor - oesophagus
anterior - larynx incl epiglottis and cricoid cartilage
Posterior - C4, C5, C6
Contains- piriform fossa (either side vocal cords and aeroepiglottis folds, epiglottis just anterior)
