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Head And Neck > Oral Cavity, Tongue And Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity, Tongue And Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 walls of the Oral cavity?

A

2 lateral walls
Floor
Roof

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2
Q

What forms the Lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

Buccinator muscles

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3
Q

What makes up the roof of the oral cavity?

What makes up the floor?

A

Hard and soft palates

  • Various muscles (Including 2 Mylohyoid muscles)
  • Tongue + other soft tissues
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4
Q

State the Anterior and Posterior boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • Begins anteriorly at the Oral Fissure (Bounded by lips)

- Extends posteriorly to the Oropharyngeal isthmus

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5
Q

What is the Oropharyngeal Isthmus?

A

An arch formed by the Soft Palate superiorly and the Dorsum of the Tongue Inferiorly

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6
Q

What 2 structures make up the sides of the Oropharyngeal Isthmus?

What muscles make up these structures?

A
  • Palatoglossal Arch/ Pillar/ Anterior pillar of Fauces
  • Palatoglossal muscle
  • Palatopharyngeal Arch/ Pillar/ Posterior pillar of Fauces
  • Platopharyngeal muscle
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7
Q

What is found between the Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal Arches?

What does the Oropharyngeal Isthmus continue posteriorly into?

A

Tonsillar Fossa, within which are the Palatine tonsils

The Oropharynx

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8
Q

The Palatoglossus and Palatopharyngeal muscles run from Soft Palate to Tongue and Pharynx.

State their action

A

Pulls soft palate down towards back of the tongue, closing the Oropharyngeal Isthmus, ensuring food stays in oral cavity when chewing

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9
Q

The tongue is entirely muscular and is covered in mucous membrane.

Describe the Intrinisc muscles

A

Intrinsic;

  • 4 paired muscles
  • Motor innervation via CN XII
  • Blend with Extrinsic muscles , no bone attachments
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10
Q

In what directions do the Intrinisc tongue muscles run?

What do they act to do?

A

Run Vertically, Longitudinally and Transversely

Act to alter the tongue shape

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11
Q

List the 4 Extrinisic tongue muscles and state their innervation

(Arise from other structures and insert into tongue)

What do these muscles act to do?

A
  • Styloglossus, CN XII
  • Genioglossus, CN XII
  • Hyoglossus, CN XII
  • Palatoglossus, CN X

Act to change the position of the tongue (Protraction, side to side)

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12
Q

What is the most clinically important Extrinsic tongue muscle and why?

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Acts to protrude the tongue
  • Used to test CN XII function
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13
Q

Which nerve fibres supply Special sensory innervation to the Posterior 1/3 and Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3: Chorda Tympani branch of CN VII

Posterior 1/3: CN IX

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14
Q

Which nerve fibres supply General sensory innervation to the Posterior 1/3 and Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3: Lingual branch of Vc

Posterior 2/3: CN IX

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15
Q

What glands are associated with the Wharton’s and Stensen Ducts

A

Wharton’s: Submandibular (60% of saliva)
Stensen: Parotid

(Sublingual has multiple ducts)

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16
Q

Which nerves make up the Afferent and Efferent limbs of the Gag Reflex

A

Afferent: CN IX

Efferent: CN X

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17
Q

Describe how Uvula position can be used to asses CN X Lesion

A
  • Patient opens mouth and says ‘ahh’

- If CN X Lesion is present, Uvula deviates to Contralateral side of weakness

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18
Q

How can Uvula position differ in Tonsilitis and Peritonsilalr Abscess

A

PT Abscess;
- Uvula pushed aside/ deviated

Tonsillitis;
- Central uvula

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19
Q

How many a Peritonsillar abscess present?

Suggest 2 causes

A
  • Fever
  • Bad breath
  • Drooling
  • Hard to open mouth
  • Can follow on from untreated/ partially treated tonsillitis
  • Can be due to bacterial infection
20
Q

What is the Pharynx?

List its 3 parts

A

A muscular tube from Base of Skull to C6, whose superior part lies posterior to Nasal and Oral cavities

  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
21
Q

What covers the posterior wall of the Pharynx?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

This lies against the Prevertebral fascia, forming the Retropharyngeal space

22
Q

The Nasopharynx lies superior the Soft Palate.

Through what holes/ openings does do nasal cavities open into the Nasopharynx

A

2 Posterior Nasal apertures (Choanae)

23
Q

Which Cervical vertebrae lie posterior to the Nasopharynx

Name 2 structures found in the Nasopharynx

A

C1, C2

  • Pharyngeal tonsil/ Adenoids
  • Orifice of Eustachian tube
24
Q

The Adenoids are prominent in children, but atrophy after puberty.

What can Adenoid enlargement lead to?

What are 4 signs/ symptoms/ complications?

A
  • Blockage of Eustachian tube
  • Blockage of airflow through Choanae
  • Snoring/ sleep apnea
  • Mouth breathing + Nasal tone to voice
  • Chronic sinusitis (sore throat)
  • Middle ear infections (or OM with Effusion)
25
Q

State the Upper and Lower borders of the Oropharynx

What vertebrate lie posteriorly?

A
  • Upper: Soft Palate
  • Lower: Epiglottis
  • C2, C3
26
Q

What structures are found within the Orpharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils (Between Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal arches)

27
Q

State the upper and lower boundaries of the Laryngopharynx

What does it lie posteriorly to?
What vertebrae lie posteriorly?

A
  • Upper: Epiglottis
  • Lower: Oesophagus at level of inferior border of Cricoid cartilage
  • The larynx
  • C3-C6
28
Q

What is the Piriform Fossa? (2 exist_

A

A depression either side of the Laryngeal Inlet (Opening into larynx)

29
Q

Suggest a complication of tonsil removal

A

Profuse bleeding from Tonsilar branch of facial artery

30
Q

What are 2 clinically significant things about the Piriform Fossa?

A
  • Potential site for foreign bodies entering the Pharynx to lodge
  • A site for Pharyngeal cancers to grow
31
Q

List the 2 groups of Pharygeal Wall muscles

A

Externally;

  • Circular, muscles
  • Constrictors
  • Superior, Middle and Inferior muscles

Internally;

  • Longitudinal muscles
  • Elevators
  • 3 muscles
32
Q

List the 3 Internal, Longitudinal Pharyngeal Wall muscles

Elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing + speaking

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
33
Q

State the Origin, Insertion and innervation of Stylopharyngeus

A

O: Styloid process
Ins: Posterior thyroid cartilage
Inn: CN IX

34
Q

State the Origin, Insertion and innervation of Palatopharyngeus

A

O: Hard palate
Ins: Posterior thyroid cartilage
Inn: Pharyngeal branch of CN X

35
Q

State the Origin, Insertion and innervation of Salpingopharyngeus

A

O: Cartilaginous part of Eustachian Tube
Ins: Merges with Palatopharyngeus
Inn: Pharyngeal branch of CN X

36
Q

What nerve innervates the 3 External, Circular muscles of the Pharynx Wall?

What do they do?

A

CN X

Relax and contract in sequence, to push food into Oesophagus

37
Q

List the 3 Circular Phayngeal Constrictor muscles

State their common posterior midline insertion

A
  • Superior, Middle, Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictors

- Pharyngeal Raphe

38
Q

What are 2 Muscle Bellies of Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor?

What is between the bellies?

A
  • Thyropharyngeus (Origin: Thyroid cartilage)
  • Cricopharyngeus (Origin: Cricoid cartilage)
  • Killian’s dehiscence, an area of weakness
39
Q

Describe how a Pharyngeal Pouch/ Diverticulum can arise if there is in coordination of the 2 parts of Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A
  • Thyropharyngeus contracts when Cricopharyngeus is contracted
  • Increased pressure in Pharynx
  • Pharyngeal mucosa herniates through Killian’s dehiscence
40
Q

Suggest 3 causes of raised Pharyngeal pressure

A
  • Failure of UOS to relax
  • Abnormal timing of swallowing
  • Weakness of Inferior Constrictor
41
Q

Food can become trapped in a Pharyngeal Pouch/ Diverticulum.

Suggest 3 symptoms of a Pharyngeal Pouch (May be asymptomatic)

A
  • Dysphagia
  • Neck lump
  • Food regurgitation
42
Q

Where does the majority of the nerve supply to the pharynx come from?

A

Pharyngeal plexus, formed by branches of CN IX, X and Sympathetic nerves

43
Q

Describe the Motor innervation to the Pharynx

A

CN X innervates all pharynx muscles, except Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

44
Q

Describe the Sensory supply to the Pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx: Vb
  • Oropharynx + Eustachian tube: CN IX
  • Laryngopharynx: CN X

(ET is part of Nasopharynx, despite its innervation)

45
Q

In CN XII Lesion, which side will the tongue deviate towards upon protrusion?

A

Towards affected side

Head And Neck (20 decks)

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