Oral Communication Flashcards
Nature of Communication to Types of Communicative Strategies (Midterms) (118 cards)
1
Q
Most essential key in communication
A
Understanding
2
Q
Eye Contact, Facial Expression, Gestures
A
Non-verbal
3
Q
Earthly pleasure
A
Eid
4
Q
Good side
A
Ego
5
Q
The one that decides
A
Super Ego
6
Q
The source of information or message
A
Speaker
7
Q
The information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or action
A
Message
8
Q
Process of converting the message into words/actions/other forms
A
Encoding
9
Q
Process of interpreting the encoded message
A
Decoding
9
Q
Mode/Means/Medium in which the encoded message is conveyed
A
Channel
10
Q
Reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver
A
Feedback
11
Q
Recipient of the message
Someone who decodes the message
A
Receiver
12
Q
Background
Environment where the communication takes place
A
Context
13
Q
The factors that affect the flow of communication
Affects the process of examination
A
Barriers
14
Q
Type of barrier pertaining to noises and the environment
A
External Barriers
15
Q
Type of barrier pertaining to emotions such as depression and anxiety
A
Internal Barrier
16
Q
Having authority as speaker
Ex. Classroom setting where the teacher is discussing
A
Control
17
Q
The need to interact with people
Exchanging ideas and thoughts as a natural desire for humans to connect
Ex. friends talking, catching up
A
Social Interaction
18
Q
Comforting
Ability to convince/uplift
Ex. Cheering, Motivating
A
Motivation
19
Q
Ability to tell how people how to react
Expressing emotions in your topic
Ability to express yourself as a whole
Ex. Kids laughing, Expressing love
A
Emotional Expression
20
Q
Facts/Educational
Clear and Organized
Ex. Presenting, Orienting
A
Information Dissemination
21
Q
Communication should contain all information needed for the receiver to act/respond
_________ communication is essential to the quality of communication
A
Completeness
22
Q
Speaker should always consider relevant information or different aspects of the audience/receiver
Such as; mood, background, race, preference, education, status, needs
It is important to get to know your audience/build rapport
A
Consideration
23
Q
Doesn’t mean keeping the message short, but making it direct and straight to the point
Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated
A
Conciseness
24
Message should be _________ and supported by facts, figures, and real-life examples/situations (reliable, backed with evidence)
This makes the receiver more connected to the message
Should not be biased or clouded with your own opinions
Concreteness
25
Respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of their receivers (being conscious)
This creates a positive impact on the receivers
Courtesy
26
The use of simple and specific words to express ideas
Also achieved when the speaker focuses on a single objective so as not to confuse the receivers
Clearness
27
___________ in grammar eliminates negative impact on audience, increases credibility/clarity of message
Correctness
28
If overcome with emotion, we may not be able to understand/communicate properly
Ex. feeling frustrated, having a bad day, boredom
solution = relax/calm yourself down, reset and reflect
Emotional Barriers
29
Specialized vocabulary in a certain field used by professionals
Jargon
30
Adjusting your language by using layman’s terms or commonly used words
Ex. a scientist explaining a certain phenomenon with a neighbor
Use of Jargon
31
Being shy, insecure
solution = find organizations where you can share and develop your interests
Lack of Confidence
32
Unnecessary sounds cause distractions
A common barrier
Ex. a song playing loudly
Solution = make some adjustments, look for a quiet area
Noisy Environment
33
Refers to interactions that use words to relay a message
Verbal Communication
34
Words that fit the right situation and right people
The language you use should be appropriate to the occasion/environment
Appropriateness
35
Speaker that uses simple yet precise and powerful words
Avoid filler words and unsubstantial words
Brevity
36
Meanings of words may be interpreted differently by listener if not clear
Clearly state your message and express your ideas and feelings
Clarity
37
Right or wrong
Norms, values, morals
Words should be chosen in consideration of gender, roles, ethnicity, preferences, status
Ethics
38
Words that vividly/creatively describe things or feelings usually add color and spice to communication
Find a way to charm your audience and engage with them
Vividness
39
Happens when individuals interact, negotiate, and create meanings while bringing in their varies cultural backgrounds
Pertains to communication among people of different nationalities
Communication influenced by different ethnicities, religions, sexual orientations
Intercultural Communication
40
Attitude that one’s own group, ethnicity or nationality is superior to all other cultural groups
Ethnocentrism
41
Oversimplification/Distortion of views of another race, ethnic group, or even another culture
Stereotpying
42
Negative attitude toward a cultural group based on little to no experience
Prejudice
43
The ability to understand and respect each other across all types of cultural barriers
Intercultural Competence
43
Overt actions one takes to exclude, avoid, or distance oneself from other groups
Discrimination
44
Doesn’t recognize cultural differences
“all cities are the same, tall buildings, fast food chains, coffee shops”
Stage 1.) Denial
44
An individual’s ability to develop emotion towards understanding and appreciation cultural differences
Intercultural Sensitivity
45
Starts to recognize cultural differences
Either intimidated or has an unjustified high regard for it
Superiority/Inferiority
"Our culture is better; I wish I was one of them"
Stage 2.) Defense/Reversal
46
Finding commonalities, unity, oneness
Assumes that their worldview is shared by others as well
They see cultural differences but they bank more on the universality of ideas rather than accepting the differences
“We really are just the same”
Stage 3.) Minimization
47
Begins to appreciate the cultural difference in behaviors and values
They accept that there are differences but they don’t necessarily agree with them
Making it a learning opportunity and studying the culture first
Stage 4.) Acceptance
48
Individuals start to go beyond their own cultures
Being able to _______the values, behaviors, and their beliefs
You can look at other cultures and experience them as if you are part of the culture itself
Looking at things from the perspective of various cultures
Ex. Global Nomads
Stage.6) Integration
48
Very open to world views when accepting new perspectives
Empathizing emotionally
Adjusting your approach in consideration of cultural differences
Stage.5) Adaptation
49
Refers to an individual's attitude about and level of comfort in uncertain situations
Flexibility & Ability to Tolerate High Levels of Uncertainty
50
Used as a means of focusing our thought process as a way of being mindful of our attitudes to others
Reflectiveness
51
Being aware or heading
Mindfulness
52
Relates to the way in which people approach the views and knowledge of others
Mindfulness
53
Is the quality of being tender, easily irritated, or sympathetic
Sensitivity
54
Refers to the ability of a person to change actions, course, or approach to doing things in order to suit a new situation
Adaptability
55
Creating ideas/strategies on how you will be able to approach the situation
Ability to think outside of the box
Ability to Engage in Divergent Thinking & Systems-Level Thinking
56
Practical application of good manners or etiquette
Politeness
57
The environment in which speech takes place
Circumstances, settings, situation in which a speech/verbal communication occurs
Includes factors such as physical environments, audience, purpose of speech, and any social/cultural considerations
Influences the choice of language, tone, and style to
make the message appropriate and tailored to a specific situation
Speech Context
58
Refers to communication that centers on one person
The person can be a speaker/receiver as well
Self-reflection or internal dialogue
Intrapersonal
59
Information about yourself that you and others know
Open Self
60
Information about yourself that you don't know but others do
Blind Self
61
Information about yourself that you know but other's don't
Hidden Self
62
Information about yourself that you and others don't know
Unknown Self
63
Communication between and among people
Best among all communications
Interpersonal
64
Refers to communication that occurs between two people
Dyad Communication
65
Communication involving 3 but not more than 10 people
Small Group
66
Refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group
Channels are more exaggerated
You can see the speaker and witness the reaction of your audience
Ex. Campaign, Grad speech, Mass, Declamation
Public
67
Refers to communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and other types of media
Reaches worldwide
Mass Communication
68
This style is private
Occurs between or among close family members or intimate individuals
Language in this style must not be shared in public
Intimate
69
Common among peers, friends
Jargon, slang, street & gay language, vulgar words
Casual
70
The standard one
Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must in this style
Applies a semi-formal kind of speaking, right between formal and casual
Has concise sentences, speaker supplies listener with information
Consultative
71
Used in formal settings
Unlike consultative style, this is one-way
Ex. State of the Nation Address of the President
Formal
72
This style is “frozen” in time and remains unchanged.
Ex. Lord’s Prayer, Allegiance to the Nation’s Flag
Frozen
73
An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect
Acts that refer to actions performed by the utterance of words
Speaker’s utterance that convey meaning with the purpose of making the listeners do specific things
Speech Acts
74
The social function of what is said
It is not just saying something, but the act of saying something with intention
An act performed merely by saying something
What the speaker implies or insinuates
Illocutionary
74
Is the actual act of uttering
The act of saying something using sounds, and the grammatical system of the language
Utterance in the form of a statement
Linguistic form of the utterance
Mental grammar
Locutionary
75
The resulting act of what is said
An utterance that give an effect to do something
The effect of the meaningful, unintentional utterance on the hearer
The response of the listener
Perlocutionary
76
Verbs that execute the speech act that they intend to effect
A ___________ utterance said by the right person under the right circumstances results in a change in the world
A speech act whose utterance performs an action that has the power to change reality or a specific situation
Ex. Weddings, Graduation
Performatives
77
A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses beliefs about the truth of a proposition
Assertive
78
Suggesting
Assertive
79
Putting forward
Assertive
80
Swearing
Assertive
81
Boasting
Assertive
82
Concluding
Assertive
83
A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action
Directive
84
Asking
Directive
84
Ordering
Directive
85
Requesting
Directive
85
Inviting
Directive
85
Advising
Directive
85
A type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in the future
Commissive
86
Begging
Directive
86
Promising
Commissive
87
Planning
Commissive
87
Vowing
Commissive
88
Betting
Commissive
89
A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her emotional reactions
Expressive
90
Thanking
Expressive
91
Welcoming
Expressive
91
Apologizing
Expressive
92
Deploring
Expressive
93
A type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the external situation
Declaration
94
Blessing
Declaration
95
Firing
Declaration
96
Baptizing
Declaration
97
Bidding
Declaration
98
Passing Sentence
Declaration
99
Excommunicating
Declaration
100
A speaker carries out a nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic
You try to open a topic with the people you are talking to
Nomination
101
Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker
Whenever you’re communicating, certain instruction confines you as a speaker and limit what you can say
Restriction
102
The process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor
The primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak
Turn-taking
103
Covers how procedural formality/informality affects the development of topics in conversation
You can make yourself actively involved in the conversation without overly dominating it by using minimal responses
Topic Control
104
Involves moving from one topic to another
It is where one part of a conversation ends and another one begins
Topic Shifting
105
Refers to how the speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation
The self-righting mechanism in any social interaction
Repair
106
Refers to how conversation participants’ close-initiating expression that end a topic in a conversation
You can try to signal an end of a topic through concluding cues
Termination
