Oral Communication Flashcards by Marenel Ayento

Acts of transmitting message. In doing so, we express a certain attitude, and this expression of attitude will identify the type of (BLANK) to be performed.

SPEECH ACTS

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Act of producing an expression that is meaningful. A word, expression, or phrase used by a particular person or group in certain situations. It can refer to a figure of speech that has a traditional meaning.

LOCUTION

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Asking a question
Giving assurance
Warning somebody
Declaring an intention
Announcing a verdict
Making an appointment
Lobbying an appeal
Criticizing someone or something
Giving a description

WHAT SPEECH ACT IS THIS?

LOCUTION

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Act of producing utterance-
inscription. Certain sequence of vocal
sounds (verbal) and Written symbols

PHONIC ACT

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Act of producing linguistic
expression in a particular
language. Well-formed string of sounds
and symbols, word, phrase,
sentence or discourse.

PHATIC ACT

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Contextualizing the utterance-
inscription. Referred to as “propositional act”
Responsible for assigning
reference, resolving
pronunciation and
disambiguating utterance-
inscription

RHETIC ACT

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Actions performed by the speaker in producing a given utterance. These acts are closely connected with the speaker’s intention. The listener should be familiar with
the background or idea the speech act happens in order to appropriately decode the (BLANK) performed.

ILLOCUTION

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To communicate some state of affairs from the speaker to the receiver Asserting, concluding, stating, claiming, telling, describing, requiring, or suggesting.

The speaker BELIEVES the situation

The dog is on the platform.

ASSERTIVE (Illocution)

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To make the receiver do something or carry out some action Ordering, requesting, commanding, daring, defying, challenging.

the speaker WANTS the situation.

Remove the dog on the platform.

DIRECTIVE (Illocution)

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To engage the speaker to carry out some future course of action
Threatening, vowing, promising something.

The speaker INTENDS the situation.

I promise to remove the dog on the platform.

COMMISSIVE (Illocution)

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To express the speaker’s emotion or attitude about an event or proposition Congratulating, condoling, welcoming, thanking, using excuses, deploring, apologizing.

The speaker FEELS the situation.

I am sorry but I do not like dogs.

EXPRESSIVE (Illocution)

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To effect immediate changes and bring into existence the state of affairs by which it refers
Christening, pronouncing someone guilty, blessing, bidding, excommunicating, firing, pronouncing someone husband and wife, declaring war.

The speaker CAUSES the situation.

WHEREFORE, finding the accused guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of DogHatred in violation of Article 364 (DOG) of the Revised Penal Code in relation to Republic
Act K9, the Court hereby sentences…

DECLARATION (Illocution)

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“Please cook the food.”
“Is there any fish sauce?”
“Do not touch my belongings”
“Would you lend me some cash?”

LOCUTION
(utterance)
The actual act of uttering

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Speaker requests the addressee to
cook the food.

Speaker is asking you to give him
some fish sauce.

Speaker is warning you not to
touch her belongings.

Speaker is requesting if he could
borrow some cash.

ILLOCUTION
(intention)
Social function of what is said

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The addressee cooks the food.

You will hand him the fish sauce.

You will not touch her belongings.

You will lend him some cash.

PERLOCUTION
(response/effect)
The resulting act of what is said

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Refers to the action or state of mind brought about by, on as a consequence of, saying something.

Convinced
Persuaded
Deterred
Surprised
Scared
Enlightened
Inspired
Impressed someone

PERLOCUTION

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The cluster of abilities that enable humans to convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meanings interpersonally within the specific context

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

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Your knowledge in structuring words
grammatically to be able to impart the correct message to our receiver

FOUR COMPETENCE AREAS

LINGUISTIC

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Sensitivity to the setting, topic, and attitude of the speaker. Understanding the existing relationship of people communication and knowing how to respond appropriately

FOUR COMPETENCE AREAS

SOCIOLINGUISTIC

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You being cohesive and coherent in
structuring your sentences during long conversations or speeches. Ability to hold conversation without losing the interest of the audience

FOUR COMPETENCE AREAS

DISCOURSE

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Capacity to recognize when there is a breakdown in communication.

FOUR COMPETENCE AREAS

STRATEGIC

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The act of putting forward or suggesting a topic for conversation

NOMINATION

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The restraints that you may have as a speaker

RESTRICTION

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What people in a conversation undergo to decide who will take the conversational floor. It is needed to establish and sustain a conversation that will be productive to all parties included, and that is, giving a chance to speak for all communicators.

TURN-TAKING

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Control over the topic limits the coverage of the discussion to the issues the are adequate to the people involved in the conversation. (BLANK) may also depend on the formality or informality of the situation

TOPIC CONTROL

Moving from one topic to another in a smooth manner

TOPIC SHIFTING

Used when the conversation turned sour and the people involved were put in a awkward situation, and worse, bad mood. (BLANK) gets back the lost rapport between the speakers, and needs proper timing. Correcting your mispronounced word is a form of repair.

REPAIR

Ending the conversation in order to avoidconflicts and further disagreement. (BLANK) also applies when situation does not permit you to stay longer in a conversation.

TERMINATION

The most common type of speech. The speaker is exposing the listener to information that he or she does not know yet. TYPE OF SPEECH

EXPOSITORY / INFORMATIVE SPEECH

Include those that can be described using our senses. Involves talking about the physical world EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH

OBJECTS OR PEOPLE

Sequences of an event. It instructs the audience on how to do something EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH

PROCESS

Talks about past, present or future events. It is written and spoken to inform the audience of what had happen, what is happening and what could possibly happen. EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH

EVENTS

Talks about intangible or abstract ideas that maybe in a form of knowledge, principles, or theories. EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH

CONCEPTS

- Aims to influence the thinking or behavior of its audience. - A challenging type of speech.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

Usually short, aims to give the audience an enjoyable experience. May incorporate humor and funny anecdotes. Geared towards pleasing the crowd and hold their attention while making a point that is usually coated with humor

ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH

The speech is read by the speaker from a written or visual material. The speech is prepared in advanced, enabling him or her to rehearse it to perfection until the time of presentation. TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

SPEAKING WITH A MANUSCRIPT

We use this type of speech delivery during solemn and historic occasions, News cast, Contests, and Court room proceedings

SPEAKING WITH A MANUSCRIPT

The speaker is committed his entire speech in his memory alone, without any use of prompts. (BLANK) can also be conversational depending on the audience TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

MEMORIZED SPEECH

We use this type of speech delivery during Speech plays, Oratorical Performances, Contests, and Actors delivering their lines

MEMORIZED SPEECH

Unrehearsed speech, with very little to no preparation. Delivering a speech on the spur of the moment. The speaker will be given a very little notice to speak for a few minutes about a certain topic. TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

IMPROMPTU SPEECH

We use this type of speech delivery during First day of classes/work, Job Interview, Special Occasions, and Ambush Interview

IMPROMPTU SPEECH

(FOUR) SPEAKING WITH A MANUSCRIPT Strategies

REHEARSE OBSERVE ADJUST MARK

(FIVE) MEMORIZED SPEECH Strategies

Break it down Build it up Identify your keys Speak out Have a break

The speaker will find a connection between what you know and what you don’t IMPROMPTU SPEECH Strategies

BRIDGING

Rephrasing or redefining the topic into something that suits your taste. The speaker can rephrase the question or challenge it IMPROMPTU SPEECH Strategies

REFRAMING

The speaker will express an opinion that disagree with other not because you wanted to pick a fight but to have an interesting discussion IMPROMPTU SPEECH Strategies

PLAY AS A DEVIL’S ADVOCATE

It is not read nor committed to memory. A speech delivered with notes or outline. You are prepared but without a script. Not to memorize a script but a guide of the points the speaker will raise TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH

(FOUR) EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH Strategies

Create an Outline Organize your thoughts Manage you time well Rehearse

List down all you basic interest and trim down to those that are relevant to the occasion or broad topic given to you WHAT PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING IS THIS? (Choosing the Topic)

START WITH YOUR BASIC INTEREST

Categorize your experiences according to the different stages of your life. Then identify interesting stories that you can relate to the theme of occasion WHAT PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING IS THIS? (Choosing the Topic)

REVIEW YOUR EXPERIENCES

Start observing the things around you and think of ways that you can relate these observations to the theme or the occasion WHAT PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING IS THIS? (Choosing the Topic)

STOP AND LOOK AT THE THINGS AROUND YOU

Ask Who?, What?, When?, Where?, Why? and How? This way it would be easier for them to complete the thought of the story. WHAT PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING IS THIS? (Choosing the Topic)

BE LIKE A JOURNALIST

Look for other source of information related to your topic. Television shows or articles that are relevant can help broaden your horizon. WHAT PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING IS THIS? (Choosing the Topic)

WATCH TELEVISION OR READ NEWSPAPER

Check if your chosen topic is narrow enough to avoid being overwhelmed with too much information. You must identify your main or general purpose and your specific purpose. WHAT PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING IS THIS? (Choosing the Topic)

NARROW YOUR TOPIC

the study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria, especially in market research.

Psychographics

statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

Demographics

Describes a place or a location also used to describe an effect.

Spatial

The arrangement of thoughts in a chronological order is dependent over a period of time.

Chronological

Cause and Effect pattern. You may first discuss the causes of the problem and present the corresponding effects, Or one cause and its effect.

Causal

Number of problems and their solutions. The speaker may present all the problems at once and discussion its corresponding solution after or use the(BLANK) pattern

Problem-solution

Know the demographics and psychographics of your audience.

Appropriateness

The speaker should always prioritize the choice of your audience.

Apparent Worth

Your audience will know if you don’t believe in what you say. It will spark their (BLANK) if the speaker him/herself shows enthusiasm with the topic

Interest

List at least three ideas. Choose the topic that has the higher source of materials for your speech.

Availability of Material

Ideas, viewpoints and attitudes of a particular group or society

Beliefs

A person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life

Values

the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.

ETHNICITY

A group of people of common ancestry

RACE

a biological concept based on biological characteristics

SEX

Deals with personal, societal and cultural perceptions of sexuality

GENDER

Stop trying to be a great “public” speaker Stop focusing on how you speak and how you look but prioritize your content and getting the message across your audience. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

PERCEPTION

When you make a mistake, no one cares but you. Don’t stop and look at your audience, looking for confirmation if they noticed your mistake. Accept that not all presentations will be perfect. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

PERFECTION

If you can see it, you can speak it Make it a habit that you visualize yourself as a good speaker and you may be able to conquer your fear of public speaking. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

VISUALIZATION

Practice makes perfectly good Great speakers take time to rehearse and practice to achieve greatness. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

DISCIPLINE

Make it personal Instead of citing examples drawn from books or sources, use your own experience. The audience will feel you authenticity and sincerity. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

DESCRIPTION

Speak to serve Be audience-centered. Make sure that the audience will benefit on your speech and content more that anything else. Make their time worth while. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

INSPIRATION

Always leave them wanting for more Make your speech beyond their expectation and end it forming a question in their minds but don’t compromise content. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

ANTICIPATION

FOUR Competence Areas

LINGUISTIC SOCIOLINGUISTIC DISCOURSE STRATEGIC

FOUR Competence Areas

LINGUISTIC SOCIOLINGUISTIC DISCOURSE STRATEGIC

Oral Communication Flashcards

(79 cards)