Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm II- Exam 2 > Oral DM Meds > Flashcards

Oral DM Meds Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

when would you check a premeal blood sugar?

A

To help calculate bolus dose of insulin or agents given to improve insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purpose of fasting blood sugar?

A

Measures the effectiveness of basal insulin or agents which decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis overnight (“leaky liver”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when do we measure Postmeal blood sugar—2 hour post prandial?

A

Measures the effectiveness of bolus insulin or agents given to increase levels of insulin (pancreas “poop out”)

Helps determine needed food intake changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most important measurement for a type 2 DM?

A

Post-meal blood sugar—2 hour post prandial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What BG lab values are classified as hypoglycemic?

A

<70mg/dL = alert level
<54 mg/dL = clinically signf.
no specific value = severe hypoglycemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the diagnostic lab criteria for DM?

A

FPG >126 or
2hr-PG >200mg during OGTT or
A1c >6.5% or
classic sxs w/random PG >200mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What A1c range is concerned pre-diabetic?

A

5.7-6.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

microvascular comps assoc. with DM?

A

retinopathy

neuropathy

nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

macrovascular comps assoc. with DM?

A

coronary heart disease

HTN

PVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 things you should do to decrease complications and reduce mortality in diabetic patients?

A

smoking cessation

BP control

Metformin therapy

Lipid reduction

glycemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should you tell your pt to do if hypoglycemia occurs?

A

consume 15g of simple carbohydrate and then retest BG 15 minutes later

if BS still <70, repeat rule of 15 until norm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can cause blood glucose to rise quickly?

A

infections and corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which DM meds decrease glucose absorption?

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitors

amylin mimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which DM meds decrease glucose production?

A

Biguanides (Metformin)

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which DM meds increase insulin secretion?

A

Sulfonylureas

Meglinitides

GLP-1 activators

DPP-4 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which DM meds increase glucose excretion?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which DM meds increase glucose utilization?

A

thiazolidinediones

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What major concerns should you consider when selecting a DM med?

A

hypoglycemia

weight change

CV effects

renal adjustments

FDA warnings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metformin is contraindicated in pts….

A

with GFR <30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ADEs of Metformin?

A

GI upset

potential B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CV effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Benefit!

Canagliflozin

Empagliflozin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Black box warning for SGLT2 inhibitors? other ADEs?

A

Amputation (canagliflozin)

UTIs, risk of bone fx, vulvovaginal candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Black box warning for GLP-1? other ADEs?

Study These Flashcards
A

risk of thyroid c-cell tumors

GI upset, injection site rxn, acute pancreatitis

24
Q

ADEs of DPP-4s?

Study These Flashcards
A

potential risk of acute pancreatitis

joint pain

25
Which DM meds may cause weight gain?
TZDs Sulfonylureas Insulin
26
Which DM med is assoc. with an increased risk of HF?
Thiazolidinediones also increased risk of bone fx and bladder CA
27
Which DM meds are administered SQ?
Insulin GLP-1
28
MOA of Metformin?
Activates AMP kinase enhances insulin sensitivity of hepatic and peripheral tissues
29
MOA of sulfonylureas?
Close K-ATPase channels on B cell plasma membranes
30
MOA of Meglinitides?
Close K-ATPase channels on B cell plasma membranes
31
MOA of TZDs?
Activates the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-gamma > improves insulin sensitivity
32
MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase Breakdown of sucrose and complex carbohydrates in the small intestine, prolonging carbohydrate absorption
33
Name 2 sulfonylureas
Glyburide Glipizide
34
Name 2 Meglitinides
Repaglinide Nateglinide
35
Name 2 TZDs
Pioglitazone Rosigitazone
36
Name 2 alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose Miglitol
37
Name 2 DPP-4 inhibitors
Sitagliptin Saxagliptin
38
Name 2 SGLT2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin
39
Name 2 GLP-1 receptor agonists
Exenatide Liraglutide Dulaglutide
40
Name a bile acid sequestrant. MOA?
Colesevelam binds bile acids in intestinal tract, increasing hepatic bile acid production
41
Name a dopamine -2 agonist, effect?
Bromocriptine increases insulin sensitivity
42
Why are Suulfonylureas and Metaglinides freq. prescribed, even though they are considered first line agents?
bc they are often what a pt can afford
43
Urticaria/facial edema and rare cases of SJS may be seen with what DM medication?
DPP-4 inhibits "Gliptins"
44
Use of a SGLT2 inhibitor and a diuretic may cause....
orthostatic hypotension and electrolyte abnormalities
45
ADEs of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Flatulence, bloating, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea
46
Effect of bile acid sequestrants on LDL?
may decrease by 12-16%
47
Admin of Dopamine agonists?
take daily dose within 2 hours of waking from sleep -skip is morning window is missed!
48
Basal insulins are ____, while Mealtime insulins are____.
intermediate-acting, longing acting analogs rapid acting, short
49
Insulin is an ___ hormone
anabolic
50
AACE goal BP for DM pts?
130/80 mmHg
51
Starting dose for basal insulin?
10 units or 0.1-.02U/kg/day
52
How frequently should you adjust basal insulin dose?
every 2-3 days until glycemic goal is met
53
What can you add if pt is not well controlled on basal insulin?
prandial insulin -begin before largest meal, if not at goal progress to injections before 2 or 3 meals
54
What DM meds can cause weight loss?
Metformin GLP-! SGLT2 PRAML
55
Who is effected by the dawn phenomenon?
Everyone! whether they have DM or not
56
What is the dawn phenomenon?
surge of hormones that the body produces daily in the early morning hours before waking -ppl with DM don't have normal insulin responses to adjust for this and may see fasting BS go up
57
What is the somogyi effect? Tx?
Increased morning blood sugar levels after nighttime hypoglycemia -tx lower PM insulin dose, night time snack

Pharm II- Exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions