Oral Environment 1 - Oral Fluids

Question 1

What is included in the oral fluids

Answer 1

saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, oral bacteria, food debris, epithelial cells

Question 2

what are the 2 main functions of oral fluids?

Answer 2

protection and digestion

Question 3

what are the protective functions of oral fluids?

Answer 3

cleansing, mucosal protection, buffering, remineralisation and antimicrobial

Question 4

what are the digestive functions of oral fluids

Answer 4

taste, digestive enzymes, lubricates bolus for chewing, swallowing

Question 5

what can occur as a consequence of reduced salivary flow?

Answer 5

increased incidence of dental caries

Question 6

what type of glands are salivary glands?

Answer 6

exocrine glands

Question 7

what is the arrangement of salivary glands?

Answer 7

compound, tubulo-acinar arrangement

Question 8

what do major salivary glands appear like?

Answer 8

anatomically distinct and identifiable glands

Question 9

what do minor salivary glands appear as?

Answer 9

more diffuse collections of glandular tissue lying in the lamina propria

Question 10

what are the major salivary glands?

Answer 10

parotid, submandibular and sublingual

Question 11

what are the minor salivary glands and where are they?

Answer 11

buccal (in cheek), labial (in lip), lingual (in tongue) and palatal (in hard and soft palate)

Question 12

what are the different parts of the salivary gland?

Answer 12

acinus, capsule, septa, lobe, secretory units, intercalated ducts and striated collecting ducts

Question 13

what do serous acinus glands appear as histologically?

Answer 13

puffy pink circles with nuclei peripherally dotted

Question 14

what do mixed acinus glands appear as histologically?

Answer 14

white puffy circles (mucous part) with pink (serous) around the outside and only a few nuclei

Question 15

what do mucous acinus glands appear as histologically?

Answer 15

white cells with nuclei located peripherally

Question 16

what do striated duct glands appear as histologically

Answer 16

smooth pink cells with nuclei located semi-peripherally

Question 17

what major salivary gland has serous secretions?

Answer 17

parotid

Question 18

what major salivary gland has mixed secretions?

Answer 18

submandibular

Question 19

what major salivary gland has mucous secretion?

Answer 19

sublingual

Question 20

which minor salivary glands have mucous secretions only?

Answer 20

buccal, labial and palatal

Question 21

what minor salivary gland has serous and mucous secretions?

Answer 21

lingual

Question 22

what is gingival crevicular fluid?

Answer 22

fluid from epithelium lining the gingival crevice (sulcus)

Question 23

when is there more gingival crevicular fluid present?

Answer 23

when there is inflammation in the gingivae e.g. gingivitis

Question 24

what salivary gland contributes the most to stimulated salivary flow?

Answer 24

parotid

Question 25

when is the submandibular gland most active?

Answer 25

when awake and at rest

Question 26

when is the sublingual gland most active

Answer 26

when asleep

Question 27

what gland contributes most to salivary flow when sleeping?

Answer 27

submandibular

Question 28

what are the factors affecting unstimulated salivary flow rate?

Answer 28

state of hydration, previous stimulation, circadian rhythms, circannual rhythms, medications and salivary gland disease

Question 29

what is the inorganic composition of saliva made of?

Answer 29

water (99.5%) and ions (0.2%)

Question 30

what is the organic composition of saliva made of?

Answer 30

mainly proteins (0.3%) and little carbohydrate or lipid

Question 31

what are the different ions in saliva?

Answer 31

fluoride, calcium and phosphate, thiocyanate, bicarbonate and phosphates

Question 32

what is the function of fluoride in saliva?

Answer 32

antibacterial, forms fluoroapatite, promotes remineralisation

Question 33

what is the function of calcium and phosphate in saliva?

Answer 33

remineralisation

Question 34

what is the function of thiocyanate in saliva?

Answer 34

antibacterial

Question 35

what is the function of bicarbonate and phosphates in saliva?

Answer 35

buffering

Question 36

when is bicarbonate as a buffer effective?

Answer 36

high flow rates

Question 37

when is phosphate effective as a buffer?

Answer 37

at rest

Question 38

when is proteins effective as a buffer?

Answer 38

when the pH is less than 5

Question 39

when is bacterial sodium hydroxide effective as a buffer?

Answer 39

it buffers plaque acid