Oral Functions - Feeding Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the feeding sequence components
Ingestion
Transport
Mechanical Processing
What is ingestion
Movement of food from the external environment into the mouth
How is ingestion accomplished
Biting anterior teeth and using tools such as cutlery and cups
What role do the lips play in ingestion
Provide an anterior oral seal
What is transport
Moving material from the front of the mouth to the level of the posterior teeth
How is transport accomplished
Food is gathered on the tongue tip
Tongue retracts, pulling the material to the posterior teeth - takes about one second
What is transport associated with
Retraction of the hyoid bone and narrowing of the oropharynx
Why is mechanical processing necessary
Some foods must be broken down and mixed with saliva before they can be swallowed
Moist solid foods such as fruit have to have fluid removed before transport and swallowing
Describe what happens in mechanical processing
Foods chewed or masticated by premolar and molar teeth
Some soft foods are squashed by tongue against hard palate
Which groups of muscles are involved in food processing
The mandibular muscles
The supra-hyoid muscles
The tongue muscles
The lips and cheek muscles
What role does the tongue play in chewing
Controls and transports the bolus within the mouth
Describe bilateral chewing
The tongue moves the bolus from side to side of the mouth so muscles on one side aren’t overloaded
How is the bolus kept on the occlusal surfaces
The tongue and cheeks act in a reciprocal manner to place the food on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth
What is the difference between how liquids and solids are swallowed
Liquids are swallowed from the mouth and there is a posterior oral seal
Solids are swallowed from the oropharynx and there is no oral seal
What are the phases of the chewing cycle and which muscles are active during each stage
Opening phase - jaw depressor muscles are active
Closing phase - jaw elevator muscles are active
Occlusal phase - mandible is stationary/teeth joined
Describe variations in the shape of the chewing cycle
When chewing brittle food such as carrots, the cycle will have a narrow shape
When chewing tough food such as meat, the cycle will have a wider shape
When designing dentures, when should teeth with cusps be used and why
If the patient performs ruminators mandibular movements to achieve a balanced occlusion
When designing dentures, when should cuspless teeth be used
If dentures have occlusal surfaces which are evenly worn and flat suggesting vertical (chopping) mandibular movements
Why should tongue movements be considered when designing prostheses
Inaccurate placement of mandibular posterior teeth might interfere with tongue movements and will compromise the retention and stability of the denture
Where should teeth be placed when designing prostheses
On the tip of the alveolar ridge
How does the tongue act during ingestion for patients with dentures
The tongue will move to support the denture
What does chewing allow for
Mechanical breakdown of food
Facilitates swallowing
Ensures adequate digestion of most foods
What dietary restrictions should a patient with deteriorated masticatory performance follow
Avoid foods that are difficult such as green vegetables and some meats
What is the relation between poor mastication and malnutrition in those with GI tract disorders
No clear evidence that poor mastication causes malnutrition in people with GI tract conditions
