Oral Health and Prevention Test 3 Flashcards
Prepare for OHP (44 cards)
What is the periodontium?
The periodontium includes the COL, biologic width, periodontal ligament, and Sharpey’s fibers
The COL is where two teeth meet at the interproximal contact. The biologic width is crucial for avoiding disturbances during restorations.
What are the characteristics of healthy gingiva?
Healthy gingiva is pink, knife-edged, pointed papilla in the anterior, firm consistency, and stippled texture
The sulcus is less than 3 mm and can be classified as pristine or incipient.
What is gingivitis?
Gingivitis is an inflammatory lesion resulting from interactions between dental plaque biofilm and the host’s immune response, confined to the gingiva
It causes redness, bleeding, swelling, and is reversible by reducing plaque levels.
What are the clinical signs of gingivitis?
Signs include redness, bleeding, swelling, and hyperplastic tissue
Redness is due to blood pooling, while swelling is caused by fluid seepage.
Define periodontitis.
Periodontitis is a pathologic state involving the destruction of the supporting tissue around the tooth and the crest of bone
It occurs in episodic bursts with clinical attachment loss measured from the CEJ to the GM plus probing depth.
What microorganisms are primarily associated with periodontitis?
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary pathogen in periodontitis
Bone destruction follows the path of least resistance.
What are necrotizing periodontal diseases?
They include Necrotizing Gingivitis (NG) and Necrotizing Periodontitis (NP)
NG involves ulcerated papilla and pain; NP shows necrotic destruction into attached gingiva.
What are the risk factors for periodontal diseases?
Risk factors are categorized into local, systemic, and host factors
Local factors include calculus; systemic factors include hormonal influences and tobacco use.
What are the 5 A’s for smoking cessation?
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up or referral
These steps guide the tobacco cessation program.
What is fluoride?
Fluoride is a chemical element of the halogen family known as ‘Nature’s Cavity Fighter’
It is soluble, absorbable by the body, and occurs naturally in food and water.
What are the sources of fluoride?
Sources include fluoride products, water, food, and drink
Foods processed with fluoridated water contribute to the ‘HALO EFFECT’.
What is the optimal fluoride concentration in Canadian water?
0.7 – 1.2 mg/L or ppm
This concentration is needed to prevent caries.
How does fluoride inhibit decay?
Fluoride reduces enamel solubility, promotes remineralization, and reduces hypersensitivity
It provides a topical effect on developing teeth.
What is the upper intake range for fluoride to avoid fluorosis?
0.05-0.07 mg F/kg body weight/day
This dosage is critical for avoiding aesthetic issues.
What are some professionally applied topical fluoride methods?
Methods include Sodium Fluoride, Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF), and Sodium Fluoride varnish
Varnish is often recommended for high caries risk.
What is the role of fluoride varnish?
Fluoride varnish holds a high fluoride concentration in close contact for an extended period
It is safe for those who cannot expectorate and is recommended every 3-4 months.
What is the purpose of a fluoride needs assessment?
It identifies risk factors, opens communication, and helps determine if professional therapy is needed
Factors include fluoride levels, oral hygiene, and dietary habits.
What additional therapies can be used alongside fluoride?
Diet modification, Chlorhexidine, Xylitol, and RECALDENT (CPP-ACP)
CPP releases calcium and phosphate ions, stabilizing ACP.
What is the difference between systemic and topical fluoride?
Systemic fluoride is ingested and incorporated into mineralizing tissues, while topical fluoride is applied directly to the tooth surface
Topical fluoride benefits most after eruption.
What is the recommended frequency for fluoride varnish application?
Every 3-4 months
This recommendation is based on caries risk.
What is the primary advantage of fluoride foam for children?
Safer due to lower amounts needed, reducing ingestion risk
A 4-minute application may be better, with points of interest similar to tray gel.
What is the fluoride concentration commonly found in most toothpaste?
Around 1000 ppm fluoride
Non-fluoridated toothpaste may be considered for children under 3.
What is the purpose of polishing paste with fluoride in professional prophylaxis?
Helps replenish enamel fluoride removed during stain removal.
