Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Diabetes Tx > Oral Hypoglycemics & DM tx > Flashcards

Oral Hypoglycemics & DM tx Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

DM meds that cause hypoglycemia

A
  1. Insulin >
  2. Sulfonylureas < (glipizide)
  3. GLP-1 RA (when used in combo)
  4. DPP-4 (when used in combo)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics that cause weight gain

A
  1. Sulfonylureas
  2. Thiazolidinedones
  3. Insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics that cause weight loss?

A
  1. SGTL2 inhibitors
  2. GLP-1 agonists
  3. Metformin (or neutral) - biguanides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics that are weight neutral?

A
  1. DDP-4 inhibitors
  2. Metformin (or loss) - biguanides
  3. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with GI SFx?

A
  1. Metformin - biguanides
  2. GLP-1 receptor agonists (nausea/vomiting from decreased gastric emptying)
  3. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - (acrabose and miglitol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with SFx of lactic acidosis?

A
  1. Metformin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with SFx of edema?

A

Thiazolidinediones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with risk of heart failure?

A

Thiazolidinediones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with risk of fractures?

A
  1. Thiazolidinediones

2. SGLT2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with GU SFx?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with SFx of dehydration?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oral Hypoglycemics with potential risk for increasing risk of MI?

A

Thiazolidinediones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name a Biguanide

A

metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What medication affects B12?

A

Metformin - check B12 regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What class is Metformin?

A

Part of Biguanide class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanism of action of Metformin

A
  1. Decreases gluconeogenesis (glucose production in liver) ** does this most
  2. Increases insulin sensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What oral medication can improve cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and newly diagnosed type 2 DM?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What oral medication can decrease mortality in DM?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 2 medications can be used in children with DM?

A
  1. Metformin

2. Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What class is Metformin in Pregancy? What can it help decrease risk of?

A
  1. Class B in Pregnancy

2. Can decrease risk of pre-eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What medication is also used in PCOS?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In which 3 patient classes should you use Metformin with caution?

A
  1. Elderly > 65
  2. Renal disease (don’t use in cr > 1.5 in men or > 1.4 in women)
  3. Hepatic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is it not safe to use Metformin in patients with renal disease?

A
  1. Men w/ Cr > 1.5
  2. Women w/ Cr > 1.4
  3. GFR < 30
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mechanism of Action of Thiazolidinediones?

A
  1. Increases insulin sensitivity ** does this most

2. Decreases gluconeogenesis in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What class is Pioglitazone? What is brand name?
1. Thiazolindinediones | 2. Actos
26
Name 2 Thiazolidinediones? plus brand names? Which is more frequently used?
1. Pioglitazone = Actos | 2. !Rosiglitazone = Avandia = used less frequently due to sfxs
27
What class is metformin?
Biguanide
28
Two functions of Metformin
1. Decreases gluconeogenesis (MAIN) | 2. insulin sensitizer
29
What 2 medications can be used in children and adolescents?
1. Insulin | 2. Metformin
30
What pregnancy class is metformin?
B - B>R
31
Metformin is contraindicated in what level of renal dysfunction?
1. Cr. > 1.5 (men) or 1.4 (women) | 2. GFR <30
32
What vitamin deficiency can metformin cause?
B12
33
Name 2 Thiazolidinediones
1. Pioglitazone (Actos) --> used more frequently | 2. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) --> NOT usually used
34
Two functions of Thiazolidinediones
1. Insulin sensitizer (MAIN) | 2. decreases gluconeogenesis
35
What oral DM medications can cause fluid overload?
Thiazolidinediones ( Pioglitazone - Actos)
36
What oral DM med has a black box warning for use in CHF class III and IV? Why?
Thiazolidinediones ( Pioglitazone - Actos) --> causes fluid overload
37
Which oral hypoglycemics require freqent liver function monitoring and should not be used in patients w/ significant liver disease?
1. Thiazolinediones (pioglitazone=actos) | 2. alpha-glucoseidase inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol)
38
What oral DM med can increase ovulation?
Thiazolidinediones ( Pioglitazone - Actos)
39
What pregnancy class are Thiazolidinediones?
C - caused growth retardation in animal studies
40
What oral DM medication has an increased risk of pancreatic, prostate, & bladder cancer?
Thiazolidinediones ( Pioglitazone - Actos)
41
Name 3 Sulfonylureas
1. Glipizide (glucotrol) 2. Glyburide 3. Glimepiride (Amaryl)
42
Which class is okay to use in mild renal dysfunction? ONly 2/3 can be used, which one can't?
- sulfonylureas (glipizide & glimepiride) | - CANT use glyburide
43
MoA of Sulfonylureas
-stimulate insulin production in pancrease
44
2 common sfx of Sulfonylureas?
1. hypoglycemia - be careful!! (rapid acting) | 2. weight gain
45
Name 2 Meglitinides
1. Repaglinide (Prandin) | 2. Nateglinidie (Starlix)
46
MoA of Meglitinides
- insulin secretagogues - rapid acting - only work when taken with food
47
Sfx of Meglitinides
-hypoglycemia - instruct pt to take only w/ meals
48
What 2 classes are okay to use in patients who are elderly, have renal failure, and/or cardiopulmonary diseases?
1. Sulfonylureas (except glyburide) | 2. Meglitinides
49
name 2 Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
1. Acarbose (Precose) | 2. Militol (Glyset)
50
MoA of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- delay carbohydrate absorption in the gut - decreases peak glucose levels - WONT cause hypoglycemia
51
What oral hypoglycemics do not cause hypoglycemia?
1. Metformin | 2. Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
52
Which oral hypoglycemics are good for patients w/ erratic eating schedules
1. Meglitinides (repaglinide or nateglinide) | 2. Alpha-glucose inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol)
53
What DM medscannot be use with renal dysfunction? (~Cr >1.5)?
1. metformin 2. alpha-glucoseidase inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol) 3. GLP-1 Agonists
54
Which oral hypoglycemic medication do you have to use glucose specifically to treat hypoglycemia?
- alpha-glucoseidase inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol) | - drinking juice, etc wont work!
55
What pregnancy category are alpha-glucose inhibitors?
Class B
56
What class of oral hypoglycemic medications can reduce risk of cardiovasacular events?
alpha-glucoseidase inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol)
57
Name 4 GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
1. Exenatide (Byetta) 2. Liraglutide (Victoza) 3. Albiglutide (Tanzeum) 4. Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
58
MoA of GLP-1 Receptor Antagonisits
1. secreted w insulin to increase effect 2. suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion 3. slows gastric emptying 4. increase satiety
59
Sfx of GLP-1 Agonists
1. GI sfx due to decreased gastric emptying 2. weight loss 3. pancreatitis 4. Hypoglycemia (if used in combo) 3. Thyroid C-cell tumor risk
60
What DM medications can cause pancreatitis?
- GLP-1 RAs | - DPP-4 inhibitors
61
What DM medication can cause thyroid C-cell tumors?
-GLP-1 RAs
62
What pregnancy category is GLP-1 RAs
Category C
63
Name 4 DPP-4 Inhibitors
1. Sitaliptin (Januvia) 2. Sacagliptin (Onglyza) 3. Alogliptin (Nesina) 4. Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
64
MoA of DPP-4 Inhibitors
-blocks DPP-4 which is an enzyme that breaks down GLP-1, so this means by inhibiting this enzyme there is more GLP-1 around
65
What DM medications are injected subcutaneously?
1. insulin | 2. GLP-1 RAs (ex. Exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulagluttide)
66
What GLP-1 Inhibitor is okay to use in elderly and/or renal disease?
Liraglutide (victoza) | ** NOT renally excreted
67
Which work better DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 Agonists?
GLP-1 > DPP-4
68
What DPP-4 Inhibitor is okay to use in elderly and/or renal disease?
Linagliptin (Tradjenta) | ** NOT renally excreted
69
Sfx of DPP-4 Inhibitors?
1. URI sx 2. Sore throat 3. Diarrhea 4. pancreatitis
70
Name 3 SGLT2 Inhibitors
1. Canagliflozin (Invokana) 2. Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) 3. Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
71
MoA of SGLT2 Inhibitors
-block reabsorption of glucose in kidney --> increased urinary excretion of glucose
72
Which oral DM medications can predispose a pt to DKA?
-SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin - Invokana, etc)
73
Effects of SGLT2's on BP and Cholesterol?
- decrease BP | - increase HDL
74
Average Dose of insulin?
-0.6-0.8 u/kg/day
75
Effects of insulin on progression of renal disease?
- no difference in Type 2 to eventual progression to dialysis - decrease progression in Type I
76
Name 4 Long Acting Insulins
1. NPH --> has to be used BID 2. Glargine (Lantus) 3. Detemir (Levemir) - less weight gain? 4. Deglidec (Tresbia)
77
Name 3 Short acting Insulins
1. Lispro (Humalog) 2. Aspart (Novolog) 3. Glulisine (Apidra) * * All act the same, can be used interchangeably!
78
What is the usual time of onset, peak, and duration of the short acting insulin?
- onset = 15 min - peak = 1-3hrs - duration = 2-5hrs * *Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), Glulisine (Apidra)
79
Name of inhaled insulin?
Afrezza
80
Inhaled Insulin are contraindicated in which patients?
1. Chronic Lung Disease | 2. Smokers
81
What 2 DM medications can be used in Children with DM?
1. Metformin | 2. Insulin
82
Things to screen kids for with Type 1 DM and when?
1. microalbumin - yearly starting at age 10 or 5 yrs after onset 2. Retinopathy at age 15 or 5 yrs after onset 3. celiacs disease @ dx 4. hypothyroidism @ dx 5. HTN @dx
83
In which pediatric diabetic patients should lisinopril be used?
1. HTN | 2. Microalbuminuria
84
Lipid screening in kids w/ DM
-ONLY screen in patients who have a family Hx of HLD, NOT screening everyone just bc they have DM
85
What age can you start using a statin in a kid with HLD?
>10 yrs

Diabetes Tx (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions