Oral Language

Question 1

Language Acquisition

Answer 1

the process by which individuals learn a language

Question 2

Standard English

Answer 2

written or spoken English that follows all grammatical rules and is spelled and pronounced correctly

Question 3

Phonology

Answer 3

the systematic organization of sounds in languages

Question 5

Language Acquisition

Answer 5

the process by which individuals learn a language

Question 6

Standard English

Answer 6

written or spoken English that follows all grammatical rules and is spelled and pronounced correctly

Question 7

Phonology

Answer 7

the systematic organization of sounds in languages

Question 8

Phonemic Awareness/Sound Awareness

Answer 8

the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words
(i.e. A student can hear that /b/ makes first sound in the word “blue”)

Question 9

Phoneme

Answer 9

the smallest individual sounds in a word (i.e. The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.)

Question 10

Orthography

Answer 10

the standards present in a language’s conventions

(i.e. spelling, capitalization, punctuation, emphasis)

Question 11

Cognates

Answer 11

words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation

Question 12

Modeling

Answer 12

an instructional strategy in which the teacher demonstrates a concept or skill and students learn by observing
(i.e. When a teacher encounters a difficult word in a text, she thinks aloud to model how she can use the context clues to discover the meaning.)

Question 13

Active Listening

Answer 13

the focused and intentional act of hearing and understanding what others say (i.e. giving full attention, responding thoughtfully, and asking questions to clarify or expand on ideas.)

Question 14

Syllable Awareness/Syllabication/Syllable Segmentation

Answer 14

the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words (i.e. “Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”)

Question 15

Oral Language Assessment

Answer 15

Listen to, analyze, and record brief episodes of students’ oral language to assess needs, strengths, interests, and next steps to support growth.

Question 16

Tone

Answer 16

the author’s attitude or feelings toward the subject, characters, or audience, conveyed through their choice of words, style, and perspective; sets the emotional atmosphere of the text, influencing how readers interpret and feel about the story

Question 17

Growth Chart

Answer 17

a tool for assessing a students mastery of oral language skills

Question 18

Clarity / Word Choice

Answer 18

use of vocabulary or other organizational choices to ensure the intended meaning comes through

Question 19

Phonics/Graphophonemic Principle

Answer 19

using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Question 20

Informal Language

Answer 20

language appropriate for texts and emails to friends

Question 21

Dialect

Answer 21

a specific variety of a language with distinct vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation used by a particular region or social group

Question 22

Vocabulary/Vocabulary Development

Answer 22

the ability to effectively know and use words in their listening, speaking, reading, and writing

Question 23

Phonetics

Answer 23

the sounds of human speech

Question 24

Oral Language

Answer 24

The system that relates sounds to meanings through communicating by word of mouth.

Question 25

Pragmatics

Answer 25

The study of language in use, not in its structure; or the appropriate use of language.

Question 26

Formal Language

Answer 26

language appropriate for essays and written responses to literature

Question 27

Morphology

Answer 27

the study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech (i.e. The word "bicycles" is made up of three individual morphemes. The prefix bi-, the stem cycle, and the suffix -s.)

Question 28

Reading Comprehension

Answer 28

the ability to read a text and understand its meaning

Question 29

Cultural Language Variations

Answer 29

factors in a student’s life lead to cultural variations in language (i.e. dialect)

Question 30

Language Experience Approach (LEA)

Answer 30

promotes reading and writing through the use of personal experiences and oral language; materials are learner-generated

Question 31

Semantics

Answer 31

the study of word or symbol meaning (i.e. "love" which has many different meanings in English literal vs figurative meaning of "Raining cats and dogs")

Question 32

Think-Pair-Share

Answer 32

Active learning activity in which the teacher provides a prompt, the students consider it individually, then pair up and brainstorm responses or solutions, and then the students then share their results with the class.

Question 33

English Language Learners (ELLs)

Answer 33

students who are learning the English language, or for whom English is not a first language

Question 34

Morpheme

Answer 34

a combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts; this includes prefixes and suffixes

Question 35

Sentence Stems

Answer 35

common sentence starters provided to students to use when generalizing, summarizing, or transitioning between ideas

Question 36

Homogeneous Group

Answer 36

group comprised of individuals working on the same level (A small group of students reading a book together on the same reading level is a homogeneous group.)

Question 37

Code-Switching

Answer 37

the ability to change the way you communicate depending on what is appropriate for the situation

Question 38

Open-Ended Question

Answer 38

questions that require more than a simple "yes" or "no" response and promote whole class and small group discussion

Question 39

Heterogeneous Group

Answer 39

group comprised of individuals working on various levels.

Question 40

Reading Fluency

Answer 40

ability to read with appropriate speed, accuracy, and prosody

Question 41

Overgeneralization

Answer 41

the application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply

Question 42

Literature Circles

Answer 42

strategy in which a teacher organizes students into small groups to discuss a common text

Question 43

Syntax

Answer 43

rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences