Oral Language Development July 7

Question 1

What are the three areas of oral development

Answer 1

Form, Content, Use

Question 2

What are children with language delay or disability referred to as having?

Answer 2

A language impairment

Question 3

What are the two subtypes of LI and explain

Answer 3

1. Specific Language Impairment: when only language development is affected
   2: Language-Learning Disorder: where LI co-exists with literacy disorder

Question 4

What are three causes of LI

Answer 4

Biological Factors
Cognitive Factors
Behavioural Factors

Question 5

What are examples of biological factors

Answer 5

Family history, genetic risk

Question 6

What are examples of cognitive factors

Answer 6

Neurological structure, information processing, delayed language acquisition, inefficient auditory processing

Question 7

What are examples of behavioural factors

Answer 7

Maternal education, socioeconomic status

Question 8

What are areas included in form?

Answer 8

Syntax, Phonology, Morphology

Question 9

Explain “Syntax”

Answer 9

Syntax: refers to the rule system that governs how words are combined (phrases, sentences etc)

Also specifies word order, sentence organization and relationship between words/phrases/sentences

Question 10

Explain “Morphology”

Answer 10

Morphology: is a way to modulate meaning, convey subtle meaning or serve a specific grammatical purpose through markers
Can alter tense, or durative aspect

Question 11

Explain “phonology”

Answer 11

Phonology: rules that govern the distribution of sound units in a given language or the sequencing of how sounds in a language can be combined

Question 12

What does form look like in children with a language impairment? (grammar)

Answer 12

Deficits in Grammar are hallmarks
2. Omission of morphosyntactic markers
- where they are obligatory (past tense -ed, third person singular -s, copular form of verb be (am)
3. Deficits in comprehension/grammatical judgment 
- passive construction
- embedded clauses
pronominal references
4. Inconsistent in application 
- they don't completely lack grammar

Question 13

What does form look like in children with a language impairment? (phonology)

Answer 13

Deficits in Phonology

1. Speech pattern errors or poor phonological awareness
2. fail to recognize which sounds are important for signalling meaning in language

Question 14

What area is included in content?

Answer 14

Semantics

Question 15

Explain “semantics”

Answer 15

Semantics: meaning of language 
Includes
- schemas and background knowledge
-vocabulary development
- concept development

Question 16

What does content look like in children with a language impairment?

Answer 16

1. Impoverished vocabularies
2. Word retrieval issues
   - uses “umm, ahh” type words
   - vague terms
   - words similar but not as precise
3. Slow to learn new words
   - need more exposure than those without LI
4. Fewer semantic features
   - ex may not be able to know one word has multiple meanings (cold)

Question 17

What area is included in use?

Answer 17

Pragmatics

Question 18

Explain “pragmatics”

Answer 18

Pragmatics: the language”know how”

• encompasses rules of conversation
• includes nonverbal behaviours

Question 19

What does use look like in children with a language impairment?

Answer 19

1. Difficulties understanding complex language
2. Difficulties telling coherent narrative
3. Difficulties understanding abstract and ambiguous language

Question 20

What/who is a hallmark child with pragmatic difficulties?

Answer 20

A child with ASD

Question 21

Why is it important that children in primary grades have syntactic and morphological skills?

Answer 21

A shared understanding among speakers of how words should be ordered to create meaning and understanding

Question 22

Why is it important that primary grades have an understanding of semantics?

Answer 22

Sharing information 
Giving and following directions 
Learning new concepts and words related to different curricular areas 
Re telling info from a story or text 
 Using language to predict or infer 
Using language to problem solve

Question 23

Why is it important that primary grades have an understanding of pragmatics?

Answer 23

(what theyre saying) 
- convey a clear message
- beginning and ending a conversation 
- interrupting appropriately 
- when and how to take turns
- how to repair if listener is confused 
(how theyre saying it)
- understanding and using body language
- using appropriate volume, tone, pitch
- using language that is sensitive to the feeling of others

Question 24

Listening from a Kindergarten Student

Answer 24

• follow 1-2 simple directions in sequence
• listen to and understand stories read aloud
• follow simple conversation

Question 25

Expression from a Kindergarten Student

Answer 25

(8) - understood by most people - answer simple yes/no questions - answer open ended questions - use conjunctions (so, because, if) - use verbs, third person singular, regular past tense - retell a story or talk about an event - participate in conversation - show interest in and start conversation

Question 26

Listening from a Grade 1

Answer 26

- remember information - respond to instruction - follow 2-3 step direction in a sequence

Question 27

Expression from a Grade 1

Answer 27

(9) - be easily understood - answer more complex yes/no qs - tell and retell stories and events in logical order - expressive vocab (3000-5000) - express ideas with variety of complete sentences - ask and respond to "wh" questions - stay on topic and take turns in conversation - give directions - start conversations

Question 28

Listening from a Grade 2

Answer 28

- Follow 3-4 oral directions in a sequence - understand direction words - correctly answer questions about a grade level story

Question 29

Expression from a Grade 2

Answer 29

- easily understood - answer more complex yes/no - ask and answer "wh" questions - use increasingly complex sentences - clarify and explain words and ideas - give directions with multiple steps - use oral lang to inform, persuade, entertain - establish and maintain social status - stay on topic - open and close convo

Question 30

Listening from a Grade 3

Answer 30

Listen attentively in groups | Understand grade level material

Question 31

Expression from a Grade 3

Answer 31

- Speaks clearly - answers appropriately to questions - participates in conversations and group discussions - use subject related vocab - stay on topic (+pragmatics) - summarize a story accurately - narratives contain complete or multiple episodes

Question 32

Listening from Grade 4 and 5

Answer 32

Listen to and understand information presented by others Form opinions based on evidence Listen and draw conclusions in subject area learning activities

Question 33

Expression from a Grade 4 and 5

Answer 33

- participate in class discussions across subjects - use language effectively for multiple purposes - narratives include complex, embedded and interactive episodes - understand some figurative language - give accurate directions to others - summarize and restate ideas - use subject area info and vocab for learning - effective oral presentations - good pragmatis