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BDS3: Paediatrics > Oral Medicine > Flashcards

Oral Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs & symptoms of primary herpes?

A 
Vesicles on mucosa
Fiery red gingivae
Halitosis
Painful mouth
Refusal to eat & brush teeth
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2
Q

What is the treatment for primary herpes?

A 
Supportive only
Fluids
Paracetamol/ibuprofen
Bed rest
Reassurance
Aciclovir in early stages?
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3
Q

How long is the incubation period for herpangina?

A

2-9 day incubation

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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of herpangina?

A

Fever, malaise, muscle pain
Pinhead vesicles (larger ulcers) on tonsils, uvula and soft palate
No gingivitis

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of hand foot and mouth?

A

Vesicular rash on limbs, fingers and toes
Oral lesions on tongue or buccal mucosa
Ulcers are shallow, painful and self-limiting

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6
Q

What is the cause of HPV?

A

Verruca vulgaris
Papillomas
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Hecks disease)

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of HPV?

A

‘Cauliflower’ appearance of gingivae
Localised
Increased incidence in immunocompromised
Warts on lips and tongue

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8
Q

What are the three types of ulceration?

A

Minor apthae
Major apthae
Trauma

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9
Q

What causes minor apthae?

A

Stress
Family history
HLA type
Immunological-altered T cell ratio

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10
Q

What are minor apthae?

A

Recurrent ulcers on non-keratinised mucosa
Usually 1-10 in number and heal in 1-3 weeks
Do not leave scarring
Most common in 2nd decade of life

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11
Q

What is the treatment for minor apthae?

A

Short term - no Rx

Long term - topical steroids, beclomethazone inhaler

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12
Q

What is major apthae?

A

Ulcers that are persistent - can last up to 3 months
Usually seen in older patients
Heal with scarring

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13
Q

What is an eruption cyst?

A

A blue coloured cyst (dilation of follicular space around crown) that forms superficial to the crown of an erupting tooth
Compressible
Can become infected
Usually resolves when tooth erupts

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14
Q

When and where are eruption cysts most common?

A

Age 2-6 years

Maxilla

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of a traumatic ulcer?

A

Non-recurrent
Less well defined
Irregular outline

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16
Q

What is a ranula?

A

A type of muco else found on the floor of the mouth.

A swelling of connective tissue consisting of collected mucin from a ruptured salivary gland caused by local trauma.

17
Q

What is geographic tongue?

A

Red zones of depapillation on the tongue that move around. White margins due to heavy infiltration.

18
Q

How would you treat a ranula?

A

No Rx

Surgery if necessary but caution due to lingual nerve

19
Q

How would you treat geographic tongue?

A

Reassurance
Avoid foods that cause discomfort
Pt may grow out of it

20
Q

What is a haemangioma?

A

A benign tumour (endothelial proliferation)
Present at birth or soon after
Grow rapidly
Most will involute spontaneously

21
Q

How would you treat a haemangioma?

A

Cauterise or sclerose

Surgery has too high a risk of bleeding

22
Q

What is a fibro-epithelial polyp?

A

Exaggerated response to trauma

Squamous cell epithelium overlying fibrous CT

23
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Fibro-endothelial growth from the gingival margin
Red/purple, very vascular
Mimics haemangioma

24
Q

What is the cause of orofacial granulomatosis?

A

Allergy
Mycobacterium
Autoimmune

25
Q

What are the signs of orofacial granulomatosis?

A 
Lip swelling
Cobblestone mucosa
Deep penetrating ulcers
Mucosal tags
Gingivitis
Pyostomatitis (formation of micro abscesses under the mucosa)
26
Q

What would a biopsy of orofacial granulomatosis show?

A

Biopsy showing non-caseating granulomas
Langhans type giant cells
Lymphocytic infiltrate

27
Q

What is the treatment for orofacial granulomatosis?

A

Patch testing
Dietary avoidance
Systemic steroids

28
Q

What is hereditary gingival fibromatosis?

A

Non-specific progressive enlargement of gingiva
May be localised or generalised
May be isolated or part of a syndrome

BDS3: Paediatrics (7 decks)

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