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Oral Microbiology Exam 1 > Oral Micro Exam 1 > Flashcards

Oral Micro Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing oral herpes?

A

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1

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2
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing genital herpes?

A

HHV-2 Herpes Simplex Virus-2

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3
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Chickenpox/Varicella?

A

HHV-3 Varicella-Zoster Virus

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4
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing “Infectious” Mononucleosis?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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5
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (especially in immunosuppressed individuals)?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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6
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing “tranplant lung”?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

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7
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Neonatal Herpes?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus?

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8
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Herpetic Whitlow?

A

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (primarily)

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9
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Shingles (Zoster)?

A

HHV-3 Varicella-Zoster Virus

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10
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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11
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing hairy leukoplakia (especially in immunosuppressed individuals)?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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12
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing CMV congenital defects?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

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13
Q

Coxsakie Virus

A

Picornaviridae family, ssRNA genome, non-enveloped, mostly affects young children, hand, foot & mouth disease:rash, family includes Polio and Hep. A

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14
Q

Measles (Rubeola) Virus

A

Paramyxovirus family, ssRNA genome, enveloped virus, meales are caued by Tc cells tareting infected endothelial cells, Koplik spots, no iceberg effect, transmission via respiratory droplets

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15
Q

Human Papilloma Virus

A

dsDNA genome, no envelope, cases warts, cervical, anal and penile cancers as well as oral and throat cancers, Gardasil vaccine was the first anti-cancer vaccine approved for human use

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16
Q

Mumps Virus

A

Paramyxovirus family, dsRNA genome, enveloped virus, causes swelling of glands, iceberg effect (there are lots of individuals without any symptoms

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17
Q

Herpesviruses (characteristics)

A

Enveloped (fragile), Large dsNDA genome, replicate and assemble in nucleus, mucosal epithelium (primary), latency, multiple relapses common, serious infections in immunocompromised, antiviral therapies available

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18
Q

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1

A

Latent in Neuron, causes cold sores and oral ulcers

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19
Q

HHV-2 Herpes Simplex Virus-2

A

Latent in Nueron, causes Genital herpes

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20
Q

HHV-3 Varicella-Zoster Virus

A

Latent in Neuron, causes chickenpox (primary infection) and shingles (recurrent infection)

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21
Q

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

A

Latent in B cells, causes infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma

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22
Q

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

A

Latent in Lymph./Mono., causes congenital infections

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23
Q

HHV-6

A

Latent in T cells, causes Roseola infantum

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24
Q

HHV-7

A

Latent in T Cells, causes Roseola infantum

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25
HHV-8 Kaposi's Sarcoma Virus
Latent in lymphocytes, causes Kaposi's sarcoma
26
What is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the USA?
HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1
27
What is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the USA (and common reason for corneal transplantation)?
HSV-1 keratitis
28
What sort of correlation exists between herpes infections and risk of acquiring HIV during intercourse?
Herpes henitalis infection increases the risk by 2 to 4-fold
29
Which ganglion regions are typically affected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections?
HSV-1 Trigeminal ganglia and HSV-2 primarily infects the sacral ganlgia
30
What are the main pathologies associated with HSV-1?
Hingivostomatitis and Herpes Labialis. Additional lesions from primary and secondary infections affect the eye and cause pathologies in the skin like eczema and witlow
31
Name four viruses that have been linked to certain types of cancer.
Epstein-barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses and HPV
32
What is the most common cause of intrauterine infections and of congential abnormalities in the USA?
HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus
33
What is probably the most communicable human disease known?
Measles virus (transmitted via respiratory droplets initially replicating in the respiratory tract and the local lymphatic system)
34
What cell-mediated response to the measles virus is responsible for the characteristic measles rash?
Tc cells targeting measles-infected endothelial cells of the capillaries
35
Name four innate processes associated with oral immunity
Saliva, thick continually recycling epithelium, gingival junctional epithelium (leaky), comptetitive normal flora
36
Junctional epithelial cells display HLA clas II and therefore can present extracellular antigenic peptides and activate what form of immune response?
Th cells
37
What are the key features of the PMN lifecycle?
Bone marrow (creation), circulation/margination, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, local release, death
38
Which receptor is responsible for interacting with LPS?
TLR-4
39
Aerobic bacteria
Rothia, Neisseria
40
Anaerobic bacteria
Veillonella, Treponema
41
Facultative bacteria
Streptococcus, Enterococcus
42
Autochthonous
Actinomyces, Rothia
43
Red Complex
Tanerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella denticola
44
Sacchrolytic bacteria
Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Neisseria
45
Asacchrolytic bacteria
Veillonella, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteriodies, Porphyromonas
46
Bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries
Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans
47
Bacteria primarily responsible for periodontal infections
Treponema, A.a., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacterioides, Treponema denticola, Treponema forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis
48
Bacteria primarily responsible for dental pulp infections
Enterococcus faecalis, Aggratibacter, Porphyromonas endodontalis
49
Streptococcus anginosa group
found in plaque, mucosa, and respiratory tract, a common cause of purulen disease (mostly good in the oral cavity)
50
Streptococcus mutans group
"Bad" mainly found in plaque, produces insoluble polysaccharides, grows well at low pH and produces large amounts of lactic acid, requires solid surface (like enamel) for optimal colonization (streptococcus mutans and sobrinus are two species commonly found in humans)
51
Streptococcus mitis
"Good" a 'pioneer' species on teeth, makes insoluble and soluble polycaccharides, found on plaque and pharyngeal mucosa
52
What is the most isolated bacteria from subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Streptococcus mitis
53
Streptococcus salivarius
Gram+ cocci:"Good" colonizes much of the mucosal surface, especially the tongue, major source of bacteria in saliva and is not known to cause any oral pathologies
54
Common oral gram-positive rods/branching
Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Rothia
55
Common oral gram-negative cocci
Neisseria, Veillonella
56
Common Oral Gram-Negative rods
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides, Tannerella, Porphyromonas, Prevotella
57
Spirochetes
Treponema
58
Common Oral Gram-Positive Cocci
Streptococcus, Enterococcus
59
Enterococcus
Gram + cocci Facultative, opportunist infections; able to survive harsh environments-significant nosocomial problem (E. faecalis commonly implicated in endodontic root canal failures and persistent infections
60
Actinomyces
Gram+ rods/branching Autochthonous, forms a major portion of plaque flora, increases with gingivitis, associated with root caries, sugar-substrates, tolerates low pH
61
Lactobacillus
Gram+ rods Increased # correlates well with cariogenic diet, associated dentin caries and advancing front of caries lesions, sugar-substrate, tolerates low pH, facultatitve
62
Rothia
Gram + rods: Autochthonous, found only in the mouth, produce extracellular matrix, sugar-substrate, one of the frew true aerobics in oral flora
63
Neisseria
Gram - Cocci: Aerobic, diplococcucs, saccharolytic, early colonizers, some can metabolize lactate
64
Veillonella
Gram - cocci: Anaerobic, asaccharolytic, can metabolize lactic acid
65
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Gram - Rods: More common @ periodontal disease sites and aggressive periodontitis in juveniles
66
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Gram - Rods: Asaccharolytic, very long thin rod that many other bacteria attach to, associated with periodontitis
67
Bacteroides
Gram - Rods:Common in the GI tract and found in GI infections, also associated with periodontitis, asaccharolytic
68
Tanerrella
Gram - Rods: associated with aggressive periodontal infections one of the three that forms the red complex
69
Porphyromonas
Gram - Rods: Asaccarolytic, protein-substrate, subgingival, associated with periodontitis and infected root canals (also has one straing (P. gingivalis) that makes up one of the three in the red complex
70
Prevotella
Gram - Rods: Saccharolytic and can also use protein substrates (some associated with periodontitis)
71
Treponema
Spirochete: Found in gingivitis and periodontitis, very anaerobic

Oral Microbiology Exam 1 (1 decks)

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