Oral Microbiology

Question 1

Impetigo

Answer 1

Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus

Honey colored crusts
Penicillin

Question 2

“Strep Throat”

Answer 2

Group A - beta hemolytic strep
Influenza
Epstein Barr Virus

** majority of infections caused by viruses **

Question 3

Strep throat signs and symptoms

Answer 3

Sore throat
dysphagia
Tonsillar hyperplasia
Fever
Headache

Question 4

Strep Throat Sequelae

Answer 4

Scarlet Fever – STREP A

Rheumatic Fever – STREP A

Question 5

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 5

Rheumatic heart disease

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 6

Scarlett Fever

Answer 6

GROUP A STREP

Question 7

Oral features of Scarlett Fever

Answer 7

First 2 days –> WHITE STRAWBERRY TONGUE
* only visible fungiform papillae

4-5 days –> RED STRAWBERRY TONGUE
Erythematous dorsal surface with hyper plastic fungiform papillae

Question 8

Diptheria

Answer 8

Corynbacterium diphteriae

Question 9

Syphilis

Answer 9

Treponema pallidum

Question 10

Primary Syphilis

Answer 10

CHANCRE - develops at site of inoculation (3 - 90 days after)

PAINLESS ulceration

Question 11

Gumma

Answer 11

scattered foci of granulomatous inflammation
- a type of necrosis

Intraoral lesions –> palate or tongue

Tertiary stage of syphillis

Question 12

Gonorrhea

Answer 12

Neisseria gonnorhoeae
Sexual contact

Signs: purulent discharge, dysuria

Question 13

Leprosy

Answer 13

Mycobacterium leprae
LOW infectivity

Endemic – Louisiana and Texas
Host – armadillo

Question 14

Actinomycosis

Answer 14

Bacterial infection – ACTINOMYCES ISRAELLI

Colonization can occur in healthy patients

• Tonsillar Crypts
• Plaque
• Carious dentin

May discharge YELLOW material – “sulfur granules”

Question 15

Cat-Scratch Disease

Answer 15

Baronella henselae
Begins in skin –> spreads to adjacent lymph nodes (scratches, licks, bites)

MOST COMMON CAUSE - for chronic regional lymphadenopathy in children

Question 16

Candidiasis

Answer 16

Candida albicans
Dimorophic –> YEAST (innocuous) HYPHAL (invasion of host tissue)

Most common oral fungal infection in humans

Question 17

Aspergillosis

Answer 17

Noninvasive affects a normal host
* Allergic reaction

Invasive infection

• Localized – can occur in normal host
• immunocomprimised

Question 18

Human Herpes Virus

Answer 18

Humans ONLY natural reservoir

Question 19

HSV

Answer 19

Enveloped DNA virus

Question 20

HSV -1

Answer 20

Oral cavity, lips

Spread primarily through alive and active perioral lesions

Question 21

HSV - 2

Answer 21

Spread primarily through sexual contact

Question 22

HSV - 1 less common presntations

Answer 22

Herpetic whitlow
Herpes gladiatorum (scrumpox)
Herpes barbae

Question 23

Symptomatic primary infections - HSV

Answer 23

Younger – gingivostomatitis
18 + – pharyngotonsillitis
PRIMARY HERPES – acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 24

Herpetic Whitlow

Answer 24

Herpetic paronychia

Infection of thumb or fingers

Question 25

Herpes gladiatorum | Scrumpox

Answer 25

herpetic infection found in wrestlers or rugby players | Contaminated abrasions

Question 26

Herpes barbae

Answer 26

herpes over the bearded region of the face into minor injuries created by daily shaving

Question 27

Varicella Zoster Virus

Answer 27

Primary infection --> Chicken pox Recurrence --> Shingles (HERPES ZOSTER) Virus spreads through air droplets or direct contact with active lesions

Question 28

HIV and AIDS

Answer 28

First case in US -- 1981 | Virus is found in bodily fluids

Question 29

HIV and AIDS route of transmission

Answer 29

Sexual contact Parenteral exposure to blood Transmission from mother to fetus

Question 30

HIV and AIDS target cell

Answer 30

CD4+ helper T cell lymphocyte

Question 31

HIV and AIDS oral manifestations

Answer 31

``` Candidiasis Hairy leukoplakia (EBV) Kaposi's sarcoma Non-hodgkins' lymphoma Periodontal disease ```

Question 32

Two most common species of aspergillosis

Answer 32

A. Fumigatus 90% | A. Flavus