Oral Midterm Flashcards
(12 cards)
What were the main economical and financial reasons to support confederation in 1867?
-Desire for stronger political unity among the provinces for better defense and stability.
-Protection from American expansionism
-Desire for more self-governance while maintaining ties to Britain.
-Economic cooperation between provinces to boost trade
-Need for a common market to encourage economic growth across Canada.
-Desire for better infrastructure, including railways, to facilitate trade and movement of goods.
What are some criticisms of confederation from certain groups, such as french Canadian and the maritimes?
-concern about paying for economic debts that were not theirs, that would now be shared among the provinces
-worried about losing their way of life and their culture
-Concerned about not having a voice since the provinces were so small- allocation of seats in the house of Commons
-Concerned about language and culture being dominated by central calada
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What was the dominion lands act?To what extent was the DLA a success for western expansions?
-Increased settlement into the prairies
- Established Canada as a farming hub
- population growth from immigration
-infrastructure growth- railroads, communities)
-had to be 21- each person given 160acres
How did the Pacific Railway contribute to the settlement of western Canada? What were positives and negatives for building the CPR?
-easier and safer access in western Canada
- Helped establish towns and increased trade
-pros: Economic growth and industrial growth into western Canada helped defend Canada against potential threats(US)
cons- high costs, Indigenous displacement, use of cheap labor, environmental impact
How did Canadian immigration policies in the late nineteenth century shape the demographic makeup of the country? How did attitudes and policies toward immigrants change in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (up until 1914)?
Demographics- Western settlement, agricultural growth, diversity
attitudes- discrimination against non-European immigrants, chinese exclusions
How did the Canadian government justify the signing of the Numbered Treaties with Indigenous peoples? How did Indigenous peoples understand the terms of the Numbered Treaties, and how did this differ from the government’s understanding?
Land surrounding vs sharing
Indigenous people thought they would be able to keep some land and their way of life
-Indigenous were hoping to keep their autonomy and culture, and gov thought to assimilate
-government did not uphold the promises that were made
What was the primary purpose of the Indian Act when it was introduced in 1876? How did the Indian Act aim to control and regulate Indigenous peoples in Canada?
The Indian Act was introduced to consolidate government control over Indigenous people and their lands
-They were restricted from leaving the reserve
-outlawed cultural practices
-Introduced residential schools
What was the significance of the Red River (1869-70) and North-West (1885) Resistances? What were the main causes and outcomes of these events and how did it influence Canadian policy towards Indigenous peoples?
Metis-Louis Reil led resistance over the red river settlement(now manitoba)(1869-70)
-causes-concerns over land rights and cultural survival - the goverments desicion to take control over the land without consulting residents
Led to manitoba act- created mantoba as a province that had provisions for metis- promises were not upheld wich led
North West resistance- (1885) led my Louis Riel and metis caused by gov disregard for indigenous agreements- the CPR led to further loss of land- this resistance was crushed leading to Riel execution and led to further subjectation of indignous
How did the shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy affect the living standards and the way people worked in Canada at the turn of the twentieth century?
-led to urbanization, people moved into cities for work in factories
-living conditions were very poor-faced, inadequate sanitation resources
-people worked long hours, in poor conditions, low wages, and children could be employed for some of the jobs, and labor unions were formed
What were the most common labour abuses faced by workers as Canada industrialized? How did worker protections evolve in response to the increasing public awareness of these abuses?
Long worker hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions, lack of job security, and no worker rights
worker protection evolved to minimum wage laws, safely reglations, and unions being formed
How did the Social Gospel/social reform movements influence the arguments for women’s suffrage in Canada?
Emphasized moral responsibility- focused on alcohol, child welfare, and education. women involved in social reform\
How did the suffrage movement challenge, and reaffirm, traditional views of women’s roles in Canadian society?
- Supported universal suffrage, not limited to property owners.
- Viewed suffrage as a means to challenge capitalist and male oppression.
- Women became involved through social reform activism.
- Many women saw the vote as a way to “clean up society.”
- Middle-class women activists had complex views on social reform based on class and race.
- Indigenous and Asian women were excluded from suffrage, but Black women were not.
- Suffrage rolled out from municipal to provincial to federal levels.
