Oral Mucosa I&II Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
what is the oral mucosa
A
soft tissue lining the oral cavity
2
Q
what are the main components of oral mucosa
A
epithelium and ct
3
Q
where does oral mucosa extend from and to
A
vermillion border to fauces (oropharyngeal isthmus)
4
Q
what type of surfaces does oral mucosa line
A
wet surfaces of oral cavity
5
Q
clinical features of oral mucosa
A
- smooth in most areas
-stippled gingiva (attached gingiva stippled due to its firm attachment to underlying bone)
-papillated tongue (dorsum is papillated housing taste buds and providing texture
-ridged hard palate
-moist due to minor salivary glands
-pink / red depending on blood supply and keratinization (ex the red has high blood supply and few collagen fibers and pink opp)
-variable thickness
-fixed( attached to bone ex. gingiva) and mobile (not attached to bone ex. soft palate)
6
Q
what are the functions of oral mucosa
A
-protection
-sensation
- secretion
-immune
7
Q
how does oral mucosa protect
A
acts as a barrier between underlying tissue and external environment protecting against mechanical forces, abrasion, heat, water loss and microorganisms
8
Q
how does oral mucosa sense
A
contains nerve endings that detect temperature, touch , thirst and we have receptors helps with reflexes like swallowing, gagging, and salivation
9
Q
how is the oral mucosa always moist
A
due to minor salivary glands which continuously release mucus and saliva
also we have sebaceous gland eg fordyce’s spots
10
Q
how does oral mucosa fight infections
A
contains immune cells in epithelium and CT
11
Q
what is a fordyce’s spots
A
pale yellow spots that are normal variation found in lip, buccal mucosa and tonsillar pillar
12
Q
what are types of oral mucosa
A
-lining mucosa
-masticatory mucosa
-specialized mucosa
13
Q
Lining Mucosa
A
- flexible , nonkeratinized
- areas where there is no mastication
-in inner lip and cheek, ventral surface of tongue, soft palate, floor of mouth , covering alveolar bone
14
Q
Masticatory Mucosa
A
- tough, keratinized
- in areas exposed to mechanical stress
- in hard palate and gingiva
15
Q
Specialized Mucosa
A
in dorsum of tongue and rest is lining mucosa
16
Q
where is lining mucosa found
A
lining the oral cavity where flexibility and movement is required
17
Q
what type of epithelium is lining mucosa
A
stratified squamous nonkeratinized
18
Q
which mucosa has the epithelium thicker
A- lining
B- masticatory
A
A- lining mucosa
19
Q
describe the epithelial CT junction of lining mucosa
A
connective tissue papillae are slender and extend only slightly into the epithelium because the rete pegs are not very deep so this creates a smoother interface compared to masticatory mucosa
20
Q
what’s a lamina propria
A
connective tissue layer beneath the epithelium of the oral mucosa
21
Q
in the lining mucosa the lamina propria has beneath it what
A
submucosa making the mucosa more flexible and movable (not tightly attached to bone)!!!!
22
Q
in the masticatory mucosa the lamina propria has beneath it what
A
bone without a submucosa this makes the mucosa firm and immovable
23
Q
lamina propria is thicker in
A-lining
B- masticatory
A
A- lining
24
Q
where is masticatory mucosa found
A
regions of mouth where we have compressive and shear forces as we said like hard palate and gingiva
25
describe the epithelial CT junction of masticatory mucosa
highly folded with deep interdigitating rete pegs and connective tissue papillae. providing mechanical strength to resist friction and forces from chewing
26
what type of epithelium does the masticatory mucosa have
stratified squamous Para keratinized
27
describe the lamina propria in masticatory mucosa
thick but not as lining and it has large collagen bundles
28
why is the specialized mucosa named that
because it has taste buds
29
what kind of epithelium does the specialized mucosa have
stratified squamous parakeratinized
30
what structure is found in the specialized mucosa
lingual papillae which includes both sensory and mechanical functions
31
the epithelium of lining mucosa has 3 layers
1- stratum basal
2- stratum spinosum
3-startum superficial
32
stratum basal
-cuboidal cells
-nuclie oval
-sets on BM
-cells are attached to BM by hemidesmosmes
33
stratum spinosum
contains keratinocytes connected by desmosomes, giving it a spiny appearance
34
what are Tonofilaments, and what is their role in the Stratum Spinosum
Tonofilaments are keratin intermediate filaments inside keratinocytes.
They extend toward desmosomes, helping to connect cells.
35
how does spinosum appear under LM
desmosomes appear as “prickles” between cells, giving the layer its spiny look.
36
how does spinosum appear under TEM
prickles are tonofilaments extending from the cells and attaching to desmosomes.
37
why spiny appearance
desmosomes holding cells together after shrinking during slide preparation
38
stratum superficial
-Cells are squamous (flat) and alive, containing nuclei.
-May have small, flattened nuclei but lacks a keratinized surface layer.
-Example: Buccal mucosa (lining mucosa) is non-keratinized.
39
list the epithelium layers of masticatory mucosa
1- startum basal (germinativum)
2- stratum spinosumI( prickle cell layer)
3- stratum granulosum
4-stratum superficial (parakeratinzed)
40
orthokeratinized
surface cells have lost nuclie and found in skin
41
parakeratinzed
cells retain dead nuclie and found in gingiva
42
what are the two layers of lamina propria
- papillary layer
- reticular layer
43
papillary layer
layer closet to epithelium and its between epithelial pegs (ridges) and it shows regional variation in mouth
loose arrangement of collagen fibers
44
reticular layer
between papillary layer and submucosa
got bundles of collagen fibers
45
submucosa
-its a fibrous CT
-some areas have loose submucosa others dense
-has minor salivary glands
-the collagen and elastic fibers attach it to the underlying bone or muscle
46
what type of epithelium is found in skin
keratinized squamous epithelium
47
what type of epithelium is found in the oral mucosa (lining of the lips)
nonkeratinized squamous epithelium
48
what kind of salivary glands we have in lips
minor mucoserous salivary gland
49
what does the skin of lip contain
sweat glands, sebaceous glands , hair follicles
50
what does the vermillion zone and labial mucosa contain
orbicularis oris muscle
51
which pharyngeal arches contribute to the development of the tongue
the tongue develops from arches 1, 3, and 4
Anterior 2/3 (body) → from 1st arch
Posterior 1/3 (base) → from 3rd and 4th arches
52
what kind of mucosa covers tongue
✔️ Specialized mucosa (dorsal surface)
✔️ Lining mucosa (ventral surface)
53
what divides the tongue into symmetrical halves
midline septum
54
which part of the tongue is flexible and responsible for movement
✔️ Anterior 2/3 (body) → moves for speech, mastication, and swallowing
✔️ Posterior 1/3 (base) → anchored to the pharynx, less mobile
55
which papillae contain taste buds
✔️ Fungiform
✔️ Foliate
✔️ Circumvallate
❌ Filiform papillae do NOT contain taste buds (they provide friction for food handling)
56
tongue known as
flexible muscular structure
57
what functions do the tongue's movements help with
✔️ Suckling (infants)
✔️ Mastication (chewing)
✔️ Mixing food with saliva
✔️ Positioning food between teeth
✔️ Formation of food bolus
✔️ Swallowing (oral phase)
✔️ Cleansing oral vestibule & sulci
✔️ Speech articulation
✔️ Gagging / retching
58
what divides the dorsal surface of the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
sulcus terminalis → a V-shaped groove
59
what are the functions of lingual papillae
✔️ Mechanical function → Helps in food manipulation
✔️ Sensory function → Contains taste buds (except filiform)
60
what structure is found in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
lingual tonsil → extensive nodules of lymphoid tissue
61
which papillae have a mechanical function and do not contain taste buds
✔️ Filiform papillae
located in dorsum anteriorly
White in color
Most numerous
Flame-shaped
Keratinized epithelium
Create a tough, rough surface
62
Which papillae are scattered anteriorly, smooth, and red
✔️ Fungiform papillae
Smooth and rounded
Contain taste buds in their thin, non-keratinized epithelium
63
why do filiform papillae appear shorter than fungiform papillae in histological sections
Due to the plane of sectioning
64
location of fungiform papilla
between filiform papilla
most numerous near tip of tongue
65
why is fungiform papilla red
due to their highly vascular CT core
66
where are foliate papillae located
lateral border of tongue post appearing as parallel ridges
67
are foliate papillae well developed in humans
✔️ No, they are poorly developed in humans but in animals its well developed
✔️ Contain only a few taste buds
68
what is found near foliate papillae
lymphoid tissue
69
where are circumvallate papillae located
✔️ Located in a V-shape at the posterior tongue
✔️ 8-12 large, rounded structures
✔️ Surrounded by a circular sulcus/groove
70
what type of epithelium is found on different parts of circumvallate papillae
✔️ Oral surface → Keratinized
✔️ Lateral/vertical surface (inside sulcus) → Non-keratinized (contains numerous taste buds)
71
what is the function of minor serous salivary glands near circumvallate papillae
Von Ebner glands which open into sulcus → Secrete serous fluid to wash away bitter taste
72
what is the shape of taste bud
onion
73
where are taste buds found
✔️ Tongue
✔️ Soft palate
✔️ Other areas of the oral cavity & pharynx
74
what type of cells make up taste buds
✔️ Taste cells (neuroepithelial cells)
✔️ Basal (stem) cells
75
how many cells make up a taste bud
30-100 spindle-shaped cells in epithelium
76
what structures connect taste bud cells
Junctional complexes
77
what is a taste pore
apical tip of the taste bud that opens into the oral cavity
78
what kind of receptors are the taste buds
specialized chemoreceptors
79
what are the three types of cells in a taste bud
✔️ Sensory cells – Detect taste and send signals to nerves
✔️ Basal cells – Replace old taste bud cells
✔️ Supporting cells – Provide structural support
80
how does taste sensation work
1️⃣ Food dissolves in saliva
2️⃣ Stimulates sensory cells in taste buds
3️⃣ Sensory cells release neurotransmitters
4️⃣ Signals travel via Cranial Nerves VII facial nerve, IX glosso , & X vagus to taste ganglia
5️⃣ Signals reach the brainstem → thalamus → cortex
81
what are the five basic taste sensations
✔️ Sweet – Sugars & artificial sweeteners
✔️ Sour – Acids (H+ ions)
✔️ Salty – Sodium (Na+) & other salts
✔️ Bitter – Alkaloids (e.g., caffeine, quinine)
✔️ Umami – Glutamate (found in meat, cheese, MSG)
82
what are the 3 types of gingival epithelium
free gingival epithelium , attached gingiva , crevicular epithelium (sulcular epithelium)
83
what makes cervicular ep unique
its non keratinized , squamous cells stratified but thin, and soft tissue attached to hard tissue by hemidesmosomes
84
what is the role of hemidesmosomes
attach crevicular ep to basal lamina providing smooth junction between epithelium and lamina propria no invagination
85
cervicular rests on
basement membrane
86
can the crevicular regenerate
yes, it can regenerate from adjacent oral epithelium when damaged
87
is attached gingiva involved in mastication
yes , Para keratinized , thick and convoluted for better attachments
88
what makes the dentogingival junction a unique junction in the human body
only place where soft tissue (gingiva) attaches directly to a hard structure (tooth enamel/dentin/cementum)
89
how does dentogingival junction protect oral environment from body internal environment
provides a seal
90
why is the basal lamina in dentogingival junction atypical
because it attaches epithelium to hard tissue (tooth) using hemidesmosomes, making it easier to break
