oral mucosa - non neoplastic disease :0

Question 1

normal hard palate

Answer 1

pale pink mucsoa
palatine rugae towards the anterior aspect
incisive papilla in the middle

Question 2

variations on normla

Answer 2

areas of rednesss

areas of whiteness

Question 3

causes of mucosal disease

Answer 3

developlomental/gentic
infection/inflammatory
trauma
nutritional deficieny 
immune mesiated isease
malignant disease

Question 4

infection/inflammatory disease

Answer 4

viral
bacterial
fungal infection

Question 5

where can changes in the OC occur due to mucssal disease

Answer 5

epithelium

connective

Question 6

epithelial changes

Answer 6

atrophic
hyperplastic
hyperkeratinised
loss epithelium 
separation from underlying connective tissue

Question 7

atrophic clinical change

Answer 7

red

fragile

Question 8

hyperplastic clinical change

Answer 8

thicker

normally associated with hyperkeratosis

Question 9

hyperkeratinised clincial

Answer 9

white patches

Question 10

loss of epithelium clinical change

Answer 10

ulcer

Question 11

separation from underlying connective tisse

Answer 11

blister

Question 12

atrophy

Answer 12

decrease in no of cells or
reduction in the size of celles

• rate of division reduces or there is an increase in desquamation

Question 13

causes of atrophy

Answer 13

iron/B12 deficiency

immune mediated disease

Question 14

hyperplastic

Answer 14

increase in no of cells due to an increase in the cell division

Question 15

causes of hyperplastic

Answer 15

trauma

infection by candida albicans

Question 16

what is caused by a fungal infection by candida albicans

appearance and where

Answer 16

chronic hyperplasia candidosis

• usually on buccal mucosa or later border of tongue
• white speckled area

Question 17

histological section hyperplastic candidosis

Answer 17

epithelium thicker and elongated
- darker
blue and purple spots in CT due to chronic inflammatory cells
long rate processes

Question 18

keratinised epithelium

Answer 18

epithelium which is non keratinised becomes keratin

Question 19

hyperkeratinisd epithelium

Answer 19

epithelium which is keratinised normally shows an increase in the thickness of the keratin layer

Question 20

causes of hyperkeratinisation or keratinisation

Answer 20

trauma
hereditary disease
infection
idiopathic
immune mediated disease

Question 21

trauma from tobacco smoke

clinical appearance

Answer 21

stomatitis nicotina
white on hard palate with red dots
inflammation around salivary gland openings
respond to protect mucosa from tabacco smoke

Question 22

white spong naevus and clinical apperace

Answer 22

autosomal dominant gene condition

multiple lesions in OC, paths of whiteness fading into muscosa

Question 23

idiopathic

Answer 23

cannot be described by any other cuase

Question 24

lichen Planus

Answer 24

immune mediated
T cell attach basal keratinocytes and basal compartments
clinical
- lice like patterns
- normally on bucal mucosa/lateral border of tongue

Question 25

lichen Plans histology

Answer 25

dense collection of lymphocytes | lymphocytes migrate into epitheliu as they have destroyed the basal cell compartment

Question 26

what does loss of epithelium appear clinically and its cause

Answer 26

ulcer - white with reddened mucosa surrouding | acute inflammatory response in CT

Question 27

what causes the white patches in an ulcer

Answer 27

due to fibrin depostion

Question 28

what is an ulcer covered in

Answer 28

slough (fibrin and neutrophils)

Question 29

causes of an ucler

Answer 29

trauma immune mediated inflammation malignant disease

Question 30

what is multiple ulcers at one time called

Answer 30

recurrent aphthous ulceration

Question 31

herpes complex

Answer 31

vesicles that burst to cause ulcer crusty regions somatic symptoms, sore throat, flu

Question 32

what casues blisters/vesciles

Answer 32

separation from underlying connective tissue

Question 33

causes of separation from underlying CT

Answer 33

viral infections | immune mediated responces

Question 34

viral infections that cause blisters

Answer 34

herpangina (blisters break down to ulcers)

Question 35

immune mediated responses that cause blisters

Answer 35

pemphigus vulgaris | pemphigoid

Question 36

what is an intraepithelial blister formation

Answer 36

epithelium on either side of the blister | still have basal cells connected to the tissue

Question 37

herpangina

Answer 37

caused by a virus posterior aspect will have blisters systemically unwell, fever sore throat

Question 38

what is an abccess from tooth usually caused by

Answer 38

carious tooth

Question 39

herpangia connective tissue changesd

Answer 39

inflamed (red, swollen) | hyperplastic (swelling, nodule)

Question 40

causes of herpangia

Answer 40

infection from teeth periodontal disease associated with ulceratio

Question 41

connective tissue changes from abccess from tooth and causes and clinical appearance

Answer 41

``` hyperplasia (increase in CT) clinical appearance (nodule, limp, pale or red) ``` causes - trauma from teeth - dentures

Question 42

pyogenic granuloma

Answer 42

overgrowth of granulation tissue red along gingival margin due to bad OH or due to hormones

Question 43

fibrous hyperplasia

Answer 43

large pale pink increase in denseness of cT (slight hyperkeratosis)

Question 44

summary of changes in epithelium and CT

Answer 44

Epithelial changes • Atrophic: thinned and red • Hyperplastic: may appear white • Hyperkeratotic: increase in keratin appears white • Ulceration- loss of epithelium, yellow/cream patch surrounded by erythema (red) • Blisters: separation of epithelium. Usually bursts to give ulcer Connective tissue changes • Inflamed: red, swollen firm yellow • Hyperplastic: firm/soft lump or swelling • Red mucosa: atrophic epithelium or inflamed connective tissue • White patch: keratosis/hyperkeratosis caused by trauma, idiopathic, fungal infection, immune mediated disease such as lichen planus • Ulceration: traumatic, recurrent aphthous ulceration, viral infections, malignant disease • Blisters: viral infections and immune mediated diseases