Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Epizootology > Oral part - viruses > Flashcards

Oral part - viruses Flashcards

Etiology, disease, diagnosis and susceptible species

1
Q

Paramyxoviral infectious diseases

Family and viruses

A

Family Paramyxoviridae, RNA viruses
- Bovine parainfluenza virus
- Canine parainfluenza virus
- Canine distemper
- Rhinderpest - OIE!
- Peste des pestis ruminants - OIE!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Newcastle disease:

A

Contagious, zoonotic and OIE listed
Newcastle disease virus or avian paramyxovirus - avulavirus
Wild and domestic birds
Respiratory disease, also GIT and CNS

Horizontal
Viral culture or serology (ELISA, HA, HIT)
No treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rhinderpest:

Paramyxoviral

A

OIE listed (eradicated), contagious!
Rhinderpest virus - morbillivirus

Mainly cattle and waterbuffalo
Cattle-plague: mouth lesions, fever, bloody diarrhoea

Horizontal transmission
Diagnosis: agar gel immunodiffusion, RT-PCR, lateral flow immunoassay
No treatment
Vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Canine distemper:

Paramyxoviral

A

Contagious
Canine distemper virus - morbillivirus
Canids - esp. young, stray, unvaccinated
Respiratory, GI and CNS

Aerosol
Virus culture, RT-PCR, ELISA, VNT, IFT
No treatment
Vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arboviral infectious diseases:

T-R-F-B

A

Vector: arthropods
Togaviridae: Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (man, equine) - OIE + zoonotic

Reoviridae: African horse sickness, Bluetongue disease, Colorado tick fever

Flaviviridae: Classical swine fever, Dengue fever, West nile virus, Zika virus, Tick borne encephalitis, Yellow fever

Bunyavirida: Rift valley fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

African horse sickness:

A

Reoviridae - African horse sickness virus
OIE!
Equids
Respiratory and cardiac impairment
4 clinical forms: pulmonary, cardiac (oedematous), mix, horse sickness fever (mild)
Virus isolation, ELISA, PCR
No treatment
Vaccination, arthropod control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parvoviral infectious diseases

A

Parvoviridae - protoparvovirus
DNA virus, parvo = small, non enveloped and very resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Canine parvovirus:

A

Contagious
Canine parvovirus 2
Canids - esp. young, stray, unvaccinated
2 forms: enteric and cardiac
Horizontal
SNAP test, ELISA, CBC
No treatment
Vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Feline panleukopenia/feline parvovirus

A

Contagious
Feline parvovirus/feline panleukopenia virus
Felids - esp. young
Enteric form
Horizontal and vertical
SNAP test ELISA, CBC
No treatment
Vaccination, hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Other parvoviral infectious diseases:

A

Mink enteritis virus
Goose parvovirus
Porcine parvovirus
Aleutian disease in mink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aleutian disease in mink:

Parvoviral

A

Contagious!
Aleutian disease virus - amdovirus
Minks
GIT and CNS signs
Horizontal and vertical
Acute or chronic
D: post mortem (emaciation, inflammation, necrosis), CEP
No treatment
Quarantine, control of import, testing, breed resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Poxviral infectious diseases:

A

Family poxviridae, largest and most complex, DNA virus
Cowpox virus
Bovine popular stomatitis - parapoxvirus
Goat and sheep pox - capripox virus
Lumpy skin disease - capripox OIE
Myxomatosis (rabbit) - leporipoxvirus
Fowl pox - avipoxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cowpox:

A

Contagious and zoonotic!
Cattle, rodents, cats, humans
(primarily rodents)
Cowpox virus
Pox = pus filled pimples, lesions on skin and mucus membrane, skin rash
Horizontal - direct or indirect
Virus culture, serology (PCR)
No treatment, only supportive
No vaccination!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prionoses:

A

Prions = not a virus
Modified, misfolded protein
Found throughout the body
PrP = protein that can become prion
PrPC = good protein
PrPSC = bad protein
PrPSC = resistant to proteases
Cannot be degraded in the body
- Chronic, neurodegenerative, fatal disease, spongiform
TSE = transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Humans: Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
Cattle: BSE - mad cow - OIE, zoonotic if in brain + spine
Wild ruminants (deer, elk, moose) = chronic wasting disease
Sheep, goat: scrapie - OIE
Cat: feline spongiform encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy:

A

Cattle, OIE, zoonotic
Prions
Neurological degeneration
Classical and atypical
Horizontal and spontaneously
Infected for life!
D: histology, western blot, ELISA
Kill infected animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Scrapie:

A

Sheep and goat, OIE!
Prion
Neurological degeneration
Classical (ingestion of meat meal) and atypical (spontaneously)
Horizontal, spontaneous, vertical
Pruritus, ataxia, behavioural change

Histology: brain is sponge-like
Western blotting - immunoblotting
Kill infected animal, OIE!
Close system, not feeding bone and meat meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Coronaviral infectious diseases:

A

Coronaviridae
RNA virus with S protein
Infection of upper RT and GIT
Mammals, birds and man
Alphacoronavirus - swine, canine, feline
Betacoronavirus - bovine, equine, swine¨
Gammacoronavirus - avian
Deltacoronavirus - swine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bovine coronavirus:

A

GIT and RT, contagious!
Bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus)
Ingestion
RT-PCR
Supportive care
Hygiene

19
Q

Swine coronavirus:

A

GIT - transmissible gastroenteritis
Contagious!
Swine coronavirus (alphacoronavirus)
GIT infection - 100% mortality in piglets
Ingestion
Bloody diarrhoea
Metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia in piglets
RT-PCR
Supportive care
Hygiene

20
Q

Avian coronavirus:

A

RT - infectious bronchitis in chicken, contagious!
Gammacoronavirus
Ingestion or inhalation
RT signs, decreased egg-laying, low egg shell content
RT-PCR or ELISA
Supportive care
Vaccination (spraying vaccine over flock)

21
Q

Canine coronavirus:

A

GIT, contagious!
Canine coronavirus - alphacoronavirus
Canines
Fecal-oral transmission
Uncomplicated or complicated form
D: hematology, serology, RT-PCR, feces
Supportive treatment
Vaccination

22
Q

Feline coronavirus:

A

GIT, vascular and RT
Contagious!
Feline coronavirus - alphacoronavirus
Felines
Fecal-oral and vertical
Serology, RT-PCR, ELISA, CSF fluid, feces
Supportive treatment
Hygiene, vaccination (intranasal)

23
Q

Rabies:

A

Rabies virus, Lyssavirus - family Rhabdoviridae
OIE + zoonotic!
RNA virus
Formation of negri bodies (inclusion bodies) in neurons
Carnivores and bats are main!
All mammals
Cause encephalitis
Transmission through saliva in bite
2 forms: furious (cephalic form) and dumb rabies (paralytic form)
Diagnosis: direct fluorescent antibody test by CSF or saliva, histopathology

Vaccination!
Palliative treatment
Vaccine before symptoms as treatment!

24
Q

Picornaviral infectious diseases:

A

Picornaviridae, RNA virus, very resistant!
Many subtypes - vaccine is difficult
Foot and mouth disease - Ru - contagious, OIE!
Swine vesicular disease - contagious, OIE, zoonotic!
Avian encephalomyelitis - CNS
Duck viral hepatitis - ducklings, liver lesions
Turkey viral hepatitis - turkey, liver lesions, lower mortality

25
Foot and mouth disease:
Contagious and OIE! Foot and mouth disease virus, Picornaviridae, genus Aphtovirus Cloven-hoofed animals - ruminants + pigs Lesions on mucus membranes and feet High morbidity, low mortality Horizontal transmission Mild - inapparent - severe Lameness, loss of condition, fever, depression, hypersalivation, loss of appetite, weight loss, growth retardation, drop in milk production History, RT-PCR, samples from vesicles, serology No treatment, slaughter! 3 km radius Vaccine, hygiene and quarantine
26
Swine vesicular disease (FMD in pigs):
Contagious, OIE, zoonotic! Swine, man gets flu like symptoms Lesions (blisters) Horizontal by ruptured skin vesicles, saliva, meat, fecal-oral Do not loose condition! Mild fever, lameness, vesicles Samples - RT-PCR, serology No treatment! 3 km radius protective zone Hygiene, treatment of meat. No vaccine!
27
Retroviral infectious diseases:
Retroviridae, RNA viruses Enzootic bovine leukosis Feline leukemia Avian leukosis Maedi visna - sheep and goat - RT and CNS, OIE! Equine infectious anaemia - horse, OIE!
28
Enzootic bovine leukosis:
Contagious! Permanent! Bovine leukemia virus, oncogenic retrovirus Cattle Can cause lymphosarcoma Horizontal or vertical 3 outcomes: persistent with no clinical signs, persistent with benign lymphocytosis, lymphosarcoma (malignant) Weight loss, fever, tachycardia, dyspnoea Diagnosis: swollen LN, lymphosarcoma, serology (lymphocytosis, RT-PCR) No treatment, slaughter No vaccine, regular testing for early detection
29
Feline leukemia:
Contagious! Permanent infection! Feline leukemia virus - retrovirus Cats - esp kittens Regressive (latent) or progressive (lymphosarcoma) Horizontal, vertical SNAP test ELISA, IFA (progressive) Supportive treatment, blood transfusion, cortisone (reduce size of tumour) Vaccination
30
Maedi visna:
Contagious and OIE listed, persistent! Lentivirus, family retroviridae Sheep and goat RT and CNS infection, persistent Horizontal, vertical 2 forms: Maedi - RT infection, chronic pneumonia and dyspnoea Visna - CNS infection, neurological signs (encephalitis) Diagnosis: Clinical signs, if over 2 y/o - wasting and slow progressive respiratory disease. Serology if CNS (RT-PCR, ELISA) No treatment, slaughter Vaccination + frequent testing
31
Herpesviral infectious diseases:
Herpesviridae, persistent! DNA viruses, resist in environment GIT, RT, reproductive system (genital vesicular eroptions) Economically important! -Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis -Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis -Aujeszky's disease - porcine herpesvirus 1 -Canine herpesvirus - CHV 1 - respiratory -Avian infectious laryngotracheitis and Marek's disease - birds, respiratory
32
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) /pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV):
Persistent, contagious and OIE-listed! Bovine herpesvirus 1 Mainly cattle Respiratory and reproductive tract - abortions Horizontal and vertical (aerogenic, semen, contact) IBR: respiratory distress, nasal secretions, weight loss, red nose (nasal mucosa necrosis), salivation, pneumonia, conjunctivitis. Newborn calves = 100% morbidity, low mortality IPV: vulva, vagina and prepuce has edema, hyperemia, small pustules (white-yellow pus), lesions disappear after 2 weeks, abortion D: serology, PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence No treatment, slaughter Vaccination, quarantine, control, hygiene
33
Aujeszky's disease:
Contagious and OIE listed! Porcine herpesvirus 1, herpesviridae Mainly pigs, others by ingestion of meat CNS signs and reproductive problems, abortion Horizontal and vertical Young more fatally affected Newborn: fever, depression, CNS signs (100% mortality) 3-4 weeks: nervous, CNS (70% mortality) 4 weeks - 3 months: loss of appetite, mild fever, CNS 5-30% mortality Adult: fever, rare CNS, anorexia, resp. signs, abortion Other animals: Ru (death within 2 days, pruritus and CNS), carnivores (hypersalivation and CNS) - PSEUDORABIES! D: sample from CNS or tonsils for VNT, serology (ELISA) No treatment, slaughter Vaccination, screening
34
Canine herpesvirus:
''Pseudorabies'' Canine herpesvirus 1 Dogs RT, reproductive and CNS Horizontal and vertical D: PCR No treatment, supportive Vaccinate pregnant bitch to provide Ab
35
Feline herpesvirus (Rhinotracheitis):
Feline herpesvirus 1 Cats RT Horizontal - oronasal secretion, fomites and aerosols Resp problems, conjunctivitis, latent D: PCR No treatment, supportive
36
Avian herpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis and Marek's disease:
Gallid herpesvirus 1/2 Birds - most common chicken RT problems - laryngotracheitis and tumor Horizontal - inhalation Hemorrhagic, tracheitis, coughing, grey eyes, paralysis (Marek: one leg in front of other) D: PCR No treatment Culling of tumor
37
Pestiviral infectious diseases:
Pestivirus, f Flaviviridae, RNA virus Persistent! Flavivirus Hepacivirus Pestivirus (BVD) - OIE
38
Bovine viral diarrhoea:
OIE, persistent! Bovine viral diarrhoea virus Mainly cattle, esp. young. Maybe sheep and pig. Respiratory and diarrhoeal disease Horizontal and vertical Non-pregnant: acute form - fever, resp signs and diarrhoea Pregnant: depend on stage. Early - abortion, malformed/sick calf if late. D: fecal samples - VNT, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescent test Slaughter Vaccination to protect calf, test regularly
39
Classical swine fever and african swine fever:
Flaviviridae - Pestivirus - CSF Asfarviridae - ASF Clinically similar and cannot be distinguished in field, lab test! Infected and protection zone if outbreak!
40
Classical swine fever ''hog cholera'':
Classical swine fever virus Flaviviridae - Pestivirus Arbovirus - arthropod borne infectious disease RNA virus Persistent infection! OIE and contagious! Swine Hemorrhagic disease Horizontal and vertical, vector 2 forms: - acute: fever, anorexia, lethargy, purple discolouration, death within 2 weeks - chronic: fever, diarrhoea, decreased appetite D: live - hematology, serology dead - organ sample - tonsils, LN, spleen - PCR No treatment! Slaughter and report! Vaccination in endemic areas
41
African swine fever:
Asfarviridae Arbovirus DNA virus - more resistant OIE listed and contagious African swine fever virus Swine Hemorrhagic disease Horizontal 3 forms: peracute, acute, chronic (bloody diarrhoea) D: serology (ELISA), fetus/placenta, post mortem No treatment! Slaughter and report Strict import, control ticks, chemical disinfection and increased temp. No vaccine!
42
Reoviral infectious diseases:
Family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus RNA virus 26 serotypes
43
Bluetongue:
OIE-listed, not contagious! Bluetongue virus, f Reoviridae, g Orbivirus Ruminants - wild and domestic RT and GIT Vector - culicoides midges - mosquito General signs: fever, salivation, oedema of face, lameness GIT signs: hyperemic and cyanotic tongue, ulcers in mouth RT signs: nasal discharge, dyspnoea, pneumonia Death 8-10 days or recovery D: live - blood - VNT, PCR, ELISA (Ag) dead - organs - VNT, PCR, ELISA (Ag) No treatment, supportive care Vaccination, insect!
44

Epizootology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions