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Oral Path Flashcards

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1
Q

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

A
  • subcutaneous abscess of the upper lip or intrabony abscess of the anterior mx tooth
  • valveless facial veins
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2
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A
  • autoimmmune disease
  • young adult females
  • butterfly rash on face
  • heart - endocarditis
  • kidney - glomerulonephritis
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3
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A
  • submandibular space infection
  • can cause blockage of breathing.
  • can kill you b/c the infection goes down retropharyngeal space.
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4
Q

Scarlet Fever

A
  • white coating of tongue that sloughs off and leaves deep red surface with swollen hyperplastic fungiform papillae
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5
Q

Fordyce Granules

A
  • ectopic sebaceous glands
  • yellow papules
  • bilateral
  • lips and buccal mucosa
  • 80-90% of caucasians in America have them.
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6
Q

Turner Tooth

A
  • Something causes this succadenous tooth to come out malformed.
  • It may be b/c of carious primary tooth or infected.
  • Mandibular PM is the most common involved tooth b/c mandibular primary 1 M tooth has most common caries.
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7
Q

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

A
  • found on moveable mucosa
  • recurrent with NOT VESICLE PRECEDING
  • associated with Human Lymphocyte Antigens (HLA) types
  • Tx corticosteroids
  • Three types: herpetiform (many small), minor and major (>1cm)
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8
Q

Intrinsic Tooth Stain

A
  • down in dentinal tubules.
  • Can only do crowns or veneers to cover these up.
  • Common analogue of tetracycline that can cause this kind of staining
  • MINOCYCLINE taken for acne.
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9
Q

Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

A
  • Autoimmune
  • Antibodies react to basement membrane zone
  • middle age women
  • Skin, eyes, and oral
  • SUBEPITHELIAL SPLIT
  • Corticosteroid PILLS
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10
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum

A
  • HPV of the mouth

- Genital wart can go systemically and can show up in mouth up under upper lip or ventral tongue.

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11
Q

Candidiasis pseudomembranous

A
  • Opportunistic infection: deficient immune system, antibiotic usage or corticosteroid usage
  • diagnosed by cytology smear
  • White, wipeable patch with red underling base
  • palate or buccal mucosa
  • found very young (Thrush) or very old
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12
Q

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

A
  • Red atrophy of filiform papillae
  • Midline of tongue
  • nystatin or clotrimazole
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13
Q

Denture Sore Mouth

A
  • Pt does not remove or clean denture
  • hyperplastic CT like
  • Rinse mouth and soak denture in antifungal
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14
Q

Recurrent Herpes Simplex

A
  • Reactivation from trigeminal ganglion
  • skin or vermilion
    Vesicles preceeds ulcers
  • HSV type 1
  • Hard palate and gingival if intraoral - overlays bone
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15
Q

Traumatic Neuroma

A
  • wandering transected nerve with scar tissue
  • painful or tender, firm “lump”
  • occurs at sites of chronic trauma
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16
Q

Pyogenic Granuloma

A
  • occurs at any age, pregnancy
  • Just granulomatous tissue
  • Could be from trauma.
  • bleeds readily, exophytic (grows outwards), non-painful, grows quickly
  • No nerves in there
  • Interdental papillae are most common site b/c things get stuck there, overhangs, etc.
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17
Q

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma

A
  • often “Liver colored” (brownish purple)
  • histology - multinucleated giant cells
  • limited to alveolar ridge/gingiva
  • usually anterior to first molar region
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18
Q

Central Giant Cell Granuloma

A
  • intrabony
  • may cross midline
  • histology - multinucleated giant cells
  • SAME HISTOLOGY AS: Brown tumor of hyperpapathyoidism and Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
  • classically a multi-locular RL
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19
Q

Squamous Papilloma

A
  • benign proliferating lesion induced by HPV
  • white to pink
  • rough surface (cauliflower)
  • elevated lesion
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20
Q

Fibroma

A
  • most common CT tumor
  • Reactive not true tumor
  • Firm, smooth, pink elevated papule/nodule
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21
Q

Granular Cell Tumor

A
  • Dorsum of tongue #1 site
  • nodule with smooth or papillated surface
  • granular cells - cytoplasm
  • psuedoepitheliomatous hyperplasia - aka looks like cancer
  • LYSOSOMES
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22
Q

Leukoplakia

A
  • white patch that does not wipe off
  • cytology smear doesnt help determine
  • incisional biopsy
  • tongue and FOM more dangerous sites
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23
Q

Erythroplakia

A
  • red plaque that does not wipe off
  • likely to have severe dysplasia and become malignant
  • incisional biopsy
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24
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • Most common malignancy in oral cavity
  • Lower lip can be preceded by actinic cheilitis
  • REDor WHITE, firm, irregular, indurated ulcer, painless
  • submental node most common lymph node
  • mid-lateral border of tongue and FOM
  • staging (spread), grade (differentiation)
  • alveolar ridge appears poorly defined lucencies without reactive sclerotic border
  • p53 tumor gene
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25
Metastatic Disease of the Jaw
- most common site - posterior mandible - does not cause a shift in occlusion - usually a poorly defined lucency without sclerotic border - prostate cancer most common
26
Monomorphic adenoma
- Canalicular adenoma another name - upper lip most common - old adult females - Firm and asymptomatic - maybe multinodular - rare on the lower lip. - NEVER answer MUCOCELE for upper lip bump.
27
Leukoedema
- intracellular edema of cells - AA most common - bilateral on buccal mucosa most common - pull on buccall mucosa -> disappears or dissipates
28
Leukemia
- red, swollen, boggy, bleeding gingiva with ulcers - get lab tests: CBC, WBC; see decrease in neutrophils and platalets - Red macules on skin - Tired feeling (malaise) - anemia (decrease RBCs)
29
Verrucous Carcinoma
- large, elevated, papillary - often associated with smokeless tobacco habit buccal vestibule most common site - No tendency to metastasize
30
Pleomorphic adenoma
- benign neoplastic proliferation of parenchymatous glandular cells - most common tumor of salivary gland origin - palate most common site, next is parotid - slow growing, painless mass firm nodular mass, mobile
31
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- tumor of the salivary gland - painless, slow growing masses of the mouth or face - perineural invasion - parotid - facial nerve involvement but no upper lip paresthesia
32
Lateral periodontal Cyst
- true cyst (epithelial lining) - well circumscribed radioluceny between roots, erupted and vital teeth - most common seen at mandibular premolars
33
ameloblastic fibroma
- more common in the first and second decades of life - most often in posterior mandible - In 50% of cases an unerupted tooth is involved - slight to no pain, swelling; not aggressive - unilocular lesions, occasionally multilocular when larger, with smooth well-demarcated borders. - Surgical excision with affected tooth
34
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
- child or teenager - more common in females - more often located in anterior maxilla #1 and anterior mandible #2 - Lucent and calcifications that show speckles of RO. - associated with unerupted tooth - YOUNG PERSON- unerupted tooth, don't say it's DENTIGEROUS CYST even if though it's around the impacted crown!!! - simple enucleation treatment
35
ameloblastoma
- average age 34 - most common in the posterior mandible - most common true odontogenic tumor - multilocular radiolucency "soap bubble" - superimposed over impacted tooth - histology - reverse polarization of the nuclei, columnar cells of the periphery
36
odontoma
- under 20 yrs of age - radiopacity with radiolucent rim - compound - anterior identifiable toothlets - complex - posterior unidentifiable mass
37
Amelogenesis imperfecta
- teeth lack enamel - dentin and cementum unaffected - shaped of root and crown normal - pulp chambers and RC normal
38
Cherubism
- autosomal dominate - young person - loss of bone in the mandible replaced with fibrous tissue - multilocular bilateral lucencies - premature loss of the primary teeth and uneruption of the permanent teeth. - Normal bone remodeling activity may resume after puberty
39
Condensing Osteitis
- associated with pulpitis - nonvital tooth - periapical opacity - not connected with root
40
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
- opalescent dentin - blue/gray - often associated with OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA - -blue sclera - - multiple bone fractures - lack of pulp chambers and root canals - bell-shaped crown with constricted cervical region
41
Fibrous Dysplasia
- unilateral mandibular or maxillary expansion - onset before puberty - painless swelling, stops at age 20 - ground glass appearance on Radiograph - cosmetic bone shaving
42
idiopathic osteosclerosis
- no apparent reason including no pulpitis in adjacent tooth - no expansion, pain - radiopacity without peripheral lucent rim - not connected to tooth's root - no treatment necessary
43
Traumatic Bone Cyst
- spontaneous healing without treatment - pseudocyst - radiolucent with scalloped margins
44
Langerhans Cell Disease
- also called Histiocytosis X - composed of Langerhans cells - eosinophilic granuloma - tooth "floating in air or space" - Advanced periodontal mimicker!!! - younger people
45
Central Neural Lesion
- neurofibroma and Schwannoma | - enlargement of canals and foramina
46
Paget's Disease
- older age - bilateral maxilla - involved bone can become malignant - CN deficits b/c closing of foremen - does NOT have hyperglolinemia - Onset at Puberty - No premature exfoliation of primary teeth - Cotton wool appearance - 50% hypercementosis
47
Malignant Bone Involvement
- spontaneous paresthesia of lip | - can see radiographicly
48
Nasolabial Cyst
- mucolabial, smooth swelling adjacent to maxillary lateral incisor - Lots of respiratory epithelium lining this true cyst. - External naris. - soft tissue involvement, not bone - histology: pseudostratified squamous epithelium
49
Odontgenic Keratocyst
- high recurrence - most often intrabony, posterior mandible but can happen anywhere - radiolucent, usually multilocular - histology: palisaded basal cell layer and parakeratinized surface
50
Gardner Syndrome
- multiple facial osteomas and skin nodules - hyperdontia, unerupted teeth - Multiple GI polyps - can happen young
51
Morsicatio Buccarum
- check and lip chewing - buccal mucosa - white, rough, tissue tags above and below the occlusal plane
52
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
- onset in childhood - cysts of the jaw - odontotogenic keratocysts with high recurrence rate - basal cell carcinoma common - RG - unilocular or multilocular lucencies - calcification of the falx cerebri
53
Lymphoepithelial cyst
- common on ventral tongue/FOM - circumscribed swelling - pale, yellowish at times
54
Bell's Palsy
- 7th nerve paralysis - unilateral inability to close of wink eyelid - last usually less than one month
55
Erythema Multiforme
- young adult males - sudden onset and explosive - triggered by drug or viral infection - Crusted, bleeding vesicles, ulcers of vermilion - if intraorl none on gingiva - bulls-eye lesions on hands and feet
56
Pemphigus Vulgaris
- rare autoimmune disease that caused painful blisters - basal cell later intact - demonstrates immunoglobulin fluorescence - IgG immunoglobulin - positive Nikolsky sign - Lips, palate and gingiva
57
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
- widening of PDL - no facial expressions - fingers frozen in position - notch at angle of mandible - average opening 45mm
58
aspirin Burn
- white = coagulative necrosis of surface | - rubs off with difficulty
59
mucocele
- children and young adults - trauma - lower lip most common - vesicle/bulla - bluish in color
60
basal cell carcinoma
- painless ulcer with raised margins - NOT INTRAORALLY - papule with telangiectasia - does not metastasize
61
Benign Migratory Glossitis
- Red, flat depapillated area of tongue - white, keratin, cell debris - comes and goes - soreness of burning of mouth - corticosteroid rinse
62
Ranula
- FOM swelling - bluish - mucin if aspirated
63
dentigerous cyst
- posterior mandible most common (3rd molars) - can be ameloblastoma, SCC - pericoronal radiolucency attached to CEJ of unerupted tooth
64
Antral Pseudocyst
- asymptomatic - no treatment needed - slight radiopaque, dome shaped in maxillary sinus
65
Parulis
- tooth needs RCT - elevated reddish- yellow - bad taste in mouth common
66
Eagle syndrome
- calcification of stylohyoid ligament | - CN impingement
67
Varices
- dilated vein - blue - elderly - can feel hard as a rock
68
Herpes Zoster
- vesicle change to ulcers - unilateral distribution on skin and oral - comes from dorsal root ganglion
69
dermoid cyst
- doughy - anterior floor of mouth MIDLINE - bluish yellow color
70
Primary Herpes Gingivostomatitis
- inflamed, enlarged marginal gingiva, bleeding - vesicles to ulcers - malaise - low grade fever - sore throat - HSV - hangs out before reactivation - trigeminal ganglion
71
Crohn's disease
- granulomatous gingivitis - aphthous-like ulcers - rectal bleeding
72
incisive canal cyst
- most common developmental non-odontogenic cyst - vital teeth - mx midline - true cyst - heart shaped radiolucency
73
actinic cheilitis
- vermilion board indistinct - great potential for dysplasia - Feels rough like sand paper. - Scaling, crusting. - High percentage turns into cancer.
74
white sponge nevus
- genodermatosis - autosomal dominant - moderately extensive thick, white folds of tissue - bilateral buccal mucosa - no eye involvement
75
Periapical Cemento-osseous Dysplasia
- middle aged black woman - mandibular anterior vital teeth - no pain or expansion - multifocal periapical lucencies
76
Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia
- multiple fibro-osseous - in all 4 quads - RL and radiopaque - African american women - not in mandibular anterior
77
Focal Cemento-osseous dysplasia
- single site - 3rd-6th decade - 90% female - one round radiolucency to radiopaque - posterior mandible - no pain or expansion - white female
78
Cheilitis Glandularis
- mucous minor salivary gland of lips inflamed - mucus secretions - premalignant condition - SCC - Pt will talk about burning, tingling or weird sensation of lip
79
Oral hairy leukoplakia
- white, rough plaque on lateral border of tongue that doesn't rub off - Hypertrophy of filiform papillae - HIV positive patient - caused by Epstein-Barr virus
80
Lichen Planus
- middle age women most often - purple, polgonal, pruritic papules - white papule or coalescing - wickam's striae - Microscopic - hyperkeratosis, irregular epithelial proliferation in a "saw-tooth" pattern of rete pegs - does not wipe off - reticular form - erosive form wipes off - hyperplastic - plaque like and doesnt wipe off
81
peripheral ossifying fibroma
- soft tissue lesion - not in bone but makes osteoid/bone - occurs in gingiva especially interdental papilla area - scattered light opacities on radiograph
82
Calcifying Odontogenic cyst
- Not purely RL, b/c calcifying - salt and pepper appearence - most likely to affect the anterior areas of the jaws - most common in people in their second to third decades but can be seen at almost any age - Gorlin cyst- histo GHOST CELLS!! - lossed blue nucleus
83
Nicotine Stomatitis
- hard palate - red, inflamed minor salivary gland ducts tobacco use
84
cleidocranial dyplasia
- multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth - retention of primary teeth - missing clavical, frontal bossing, large head
85
Auriculotemporal syndrome
- Frey syndrome - Due to parotid surgery, sweat gland nerves are hooked up to your parotid gland, - so when you're parotid salivates, it activates to make sweat instead.
86
actinomycosis
- soft tissue swelling with multiple draining fistulas - sulfur granules - woody consistency
87
condylar hyperplasia
- irregular elongated condyle | - chin deviates away from affected side upon closure
88
dens-in-dente
- dens invaginatus | - found most commonly in anterior mx lateral incisor
89
Periapical cyst and granuloma
- non-vital tooth at apex | - periapical lucency with radiopaque line
90
Ectodermal dysplasia
- exhibits missing teeth (hypodontia or anodontia) - heat intolerance - lack of hair and fingernails and eyebrows
91
Dentin dysplasia
- dentin abnormal with exposure - draining fistulas - misshapen teeth - type 1 "rootless" teeth - periapical lucencies
92
Lymphangioma
- lymph-filled superficial vessels | - most common cause of macroglossia (enlarged tongue)
93
Infectious mononucleosis
- lateral cervical swelling - sore throat - teenagers most common - positive monospot test - EBV associated - palatal petechiae
94
Hemangioma
- hamartoma - red to blue elevated lesions - blanches and compressible - collection of small or large vessles filled with RBC
95
Hypercementosis
- vital mandibular first molar - generalized acromegaly - radiopacity with intact PDL - attached to root surface
96
Acquired Melanocytic nevus
- pigmentation that is not an amalgam tattoo - biopsy taken - junctional type most common to undergo malignant transformation
97
Keratoacanthoma
- Difficult to differentiate from squamous cell carcinoma of the face and lip - sun-exposed skin - keratin plug in the center of ulceration - present for months and spontaneously resolves
98
Warthin's tumor
- papillary cystadenoma lymphommatosum - benign cystic tumor of the salivary glands - most common in males and parotid gland - not inside mouth
99
Vitamin C deficiency
- scurvy | - does not cause xerostomia
100
Sjogren's syndrom
- autoimmune disorder - elderly women - dry eyes, dry mouth - parotid swelling
101
Stafne Defect
- salivary gland depression defect - developmental - more in males - asymptomatic - vital teeth - well demarcated lucency found near the angle of mandible below mandibular canal
102
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- oral and paraoral - pigments brown macules - found on lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, vermilion - intestinal polyposis
103
Osteosarcoma
- localized pain and swelling, tingling of lower lip - onset late 20s to early 30s - early radioluceny then opacity - trabeculae changes, - PDL symmetrical widening - sunburst appearance radiographicly - common in posterior mandible
104
Osteopetrosis
- massive overproduction of dense, nonvital bone of both jaws - young adults
105
osteoma
- found at angle of mandible | - well circumscribed radiopacity
106
Necrotizing sialmetaplasia
- rapidly expanding ulcerative lesion - deep ulcerations of palate - usually benign, often painless, self-limiting, and resolves in about six to ten weeks.
107
multiple myeloma
- elderly males - immunoglobulin spike - multiple bone sites - punched-out lucencies
108
Odontogenic myxoma
- young adult onset - multilocular lucency with soap bubble pattern - closely resemble ameloblastoma
109
desquamative gingivitis would be what three diseases
- pemphigoid - pemphigus - lichen planus
110
what does causes gingival hyperplasia
cyclosporine nifedipine (Procardia) Phenytoin (Dilantin)
111
How do you increase the intensity of an x-ray
milliamperage | double will double intensity of an x-ray beam
112
what controls contrast and penetrating characteristics of an x-ray
kilovoltage
113
Epulis Fissuratum
- Hyperplastic connective tissue like fibroma - Associated with ill-fitting denture flange - Treatment does NOT include antibiotic treatment

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