Oral Pathology Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
What is Attrition?
A
wearing away of the teeth from tooth to tooth contact, malocclusion, grinding, and mastication
2
Q
What is Bruxism?
A
excessive grinding - form of attrition *affects masseter muscle*
3
Q
What is Abrasion?
A
teeth wear from use of abrasive substances (chewing foreign objects)
4
Q
What is Abfraction?
A
angular notch at the gum line caused by bending forces applied to the tooth; non-carious tissue loss
5
Q
What is Erosion?
A
loss of tooth structure from a chemical process - chronic vomiting (bulimia), acidic foods (lemons), GERD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease)
6
Q
What is Supernumerary Teeth (Hyperdontia)?
A
Cleidocranial Dysostias - excess number of teeth
7
Q
What is the most common form of supernumerary teeth?
A
mesiodens - between #8 and #9
8
Q
What is the second most common form of supernumerary teeth?
A
maxillary molar area - 4th molars, distomolar (distodens)
9
Q
What is Anodontia?
A
complete absence of teeth
10
Q
What is a type of Anodontia?
A
Ectodermal Dysplasia - abnormal development of teeth
11
Q
What is Hypodontia?
A
less than normal number of teeth - partial anodontia: one or several teeth are missing
12
Q
What is Oligodontia?
A
congenitally missing 6 teeth or more, excluding the 3rd molars
13
Q
What is Microdontia?
A
“peg lateral” - most common (maxillary laterals) small teeth
14
Q
What is Macrodontia?
A
large teeth; rare
15
Q
What is Taurodontism?
A
“bull tooth” - enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of pulpal floor, lack of constriction at the CEJ *more common in Down Syndrome patients*
16
Q
What is Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
A
hereditary disorder of enamel formation
17
Q
What is Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?
A
inherited dentin disorder; teeth are discolored
18
Q
What is a Diastema?
A
space between two adjacent teeth - hereditary, frenum attachment or muscle pull
19
Q
What is Internal Resorption?
A
enlarged pulp chamber due to possible pulp injury (loss of tooth structure from within the root canal) - tooth may appear pink due to pulp showing through enamel
20
Q
What is External Resorption?
A
abnormal dentin condition; resorption of the teeth externally
21
Q
What is Concrescence?
A
“stuck together like cement” teeth are joined at cementum
22
Q
What is Gemination?
A
two teeth have developed from one single root (teeth in arch are normal count)
23
Q
What is Fusion?
A
two teeth are joined together during development resulting in one large tooth (teeth count is one less tooth)
24
Q
What is Dens in Dente (dens invaginatus)?
A
“tooth within a tooth” invagination of the crown or root that is lined with enamel *maxillary laterals most common*
25
What is Dilaceration?
exaggerated curve or bend in a tooth root or crown
26
What are Enamel Pearls (ectopic enamel)?
disturbance of enamel formation during development \*usually present in bifurcations or trifurcations\*
27
What are systemic causes of Hypoplasia?
- Hutchinson's Incisors and Mulberry Molars - syphilis - Fluorosis
28
What are local causes of Hypoplasia?
- "Turner's Tooth" - hypocalcified permanent tooth - enamel is inhibited possibly due to trauma affecting crown development
29
What is Extrinsic Stain (exogenous)?
staining that occurs from environmental factors; tobacco use, wine, grape juice
30
What is Intrinsic Stain (endogenous)?
staining that may occur from enlarged pulp chamber or trauma; darkened dentin
31
What is Tetracycline Staining?
endogenous gray, yellow, brown staining - caused from mother's ingestion of tetracycline prenatally
32
What is Green Staining?
exogenous - may become endogenous over time more serious in children
33
What is Nicotonic Stomatitis (smoker's palate)?
- white, hyperkeratotic, coarse, nodular, wrinkled appearance to hard palate in smokers - scattered red "dots" are the orifices of inflamed minor salivary glands (benign but predisposed to malignancy)
34
What is Leukoplakia?
- white plaque/patches on oral mucosa; CAN NOT WIPE OFF
35
What is Hairy Leukoplakia?
white patch on lateral border of tongue - associated with HIV clients; caused by EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus)
36
What is Leukoedema?
milky white lesions of buccal mucosa that disappear when stretched \*more prominent in dark skin individuals\*
37
What is Linea Alba?
hyperkeratotic line of buccal mucosa alone plane of occlusion
38
What is Candida Albicans/Pseudomembranous Candidiasis?
white plaques that WIPE OFF; most common fungal infection
39
What is Erythematous Candidiasis?
form of candidiasis (thrush) that appears reddened - associated with HIV/AIDS patients
40
What is a Melanotic Macule?
"Oral Focal Melanosis" flat, brown freckle - found on lip or intraorally \*Addison's Disease - buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue, & lips (petechiae also on palate)
41
What is an Amalgam Tattoo?
"Focal Argyrosis" amalgam particles embedded in soft tissue
42
What are Fordyce Granules?
intraoral sebaceous (oil) glands; yellow nodules of buccal mucosa & vermilion border
43
What is Angular Cheilitis?
fissured areas at corner of the mouth Treatment: nystatin, clotrimazole (topical); systemic - fluconazole (diflucan)
44
What are Variscosities?
dilated superficial veins - prominent on ventral tongue (lingual varices)
45
What is Geographic Tongue?
(Erythema migrans, benign migratory glossitis) areas of erythema (atrophy of filiform papillae) surrounded by raised, white border
46
What is Ankyloglossia?
(Tongue-tied) short, thick lingual frenum - limitation of tongue movement affecting speech
47
What is Hairy Tongue?
elongation of filiform papillae
48
What is Fissured Tongue?
(Furrowed Tongue, Scrotal Tongue) fissures and grooves on dorsal tongue surface \*common in Down Syndrome patients\*
49
What is Macroglossia?
enlarged tongue \*common in Down Syndrome patients\*
50
What is Median Rhomboid Glossitis?
(Central Papillary Atrophy) red, atrophic area - anterior to circumvallate papilla, reddened area at midline of tongue on the dorsal surface \*often associated with candida albicans\*
51
What is Xerostomia?
dry mouth; most common condition
52
What is Sialolithiasis?
(Salivary Stones) calcification within gland or duct - Wharton's (submandibular) duct most common site
53
What is Stafne's Bone Cyst?
depression on mandible at the inferior alveolar canal - submandibular gland
54
What is a Mucocele?
bluish/pink fluid-filled nodule - lower lip most common site
55
What is a Ranula?
"Mucocele of the floor of the mouth" - floor of the mouth swelling "frog belly" \*BOARD FAVORITE\*
56
What is Pleomorphic Adenoma?
(Mixed Tumor) painless, well-circumscribed soft tissue swelling \*most common tumor of the salivary glands - benign\* - parotid gland most common location - hard palate (posterior) most common intraoral location
57
What is Mumps?
(Epidemic Parotitis) virus transmitted through saliva or respiratory secretions
58
What is a Fibroma?
pink, smooth, firm hyperplastic tissue in response to irritation \*most common tumor of oral cavity\*
59
What is Papilloma?
- caused by HPV - cauliflower-like - peduculated-stalked - often found on soft palate and uvula
60
What is Hemangioma?
developmental vascular lesion - tongue is most common site
61
What is Gingival Hyperplasia?
increase in number of cells present causing inflammation - mostly due to medications Medications: - Phenytoin (antiseizure) - Procardia (hypertensive) - Cyclosporine (antirejection)
62
What is Epulis Fissuratum?
(Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia) "Fibroma" around denture flange; caused by ill-fitting dentures
63
What is Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis?
(Pulp Polyp) inflamed pulp tissue within a tooth that is severely decayed or has a large open carious lesion
64
What is Papillary Hyperplasia of the Palate?
(Pseudopapillomatosis) papillary lesions under maxillary denture; if denture never removed
65
What is a Pyogenic Granuloma?
"Pregnancy Tumor" - hormone influenced granulation tissue in response to local irritant \*BOARD FAVORITE\*
66
What is Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma?
multinucleated giant cells present and very vascular causing deep redding color
67
What is a Traumatic Ulcer?
caused by trauma; biting, vigorous brushing, eating hard pointed chips - 7-14 days healing time unless trauma reoccurs
68
What is an Aphthous Ulcer?
well-circumscribed with erythematous halo - stress, acidic, or trauma induced - located on unattached mucosa - incidence in smokers
69
What is Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1)?
Oral Herpes - Initial Infection: Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis - painful, red, multiple vesicles progressing to ulcers
70
What is Herpes Labialis?
recurrent cold sores, fever blisters-vesicles that will ulcerate (found on lip border)
71
What is Recurrent Intraoral HSV?
"bound-down" keratinized mucosa (hard palate and attached gingiva) Treatment: Acyclovir or antiviral creams
72
What is Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2)?
Genital Herpes
73
What is the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?
- Chickenpox: erythema, vesicles, pustules, crusted lesions - Shingles: painful unilateral erythema, vesicles, and ulcers
74
What is the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
- Mononucleoses Infection: fatigue, malaise, palatal petechiae - Burkitt's Lymphoma - Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: primary manifestation of HIV, white, furrowed lines on lateral surface of tongue
75
What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
oral mucosal ulcerations - mostly in immunocompromised
76
What is Herpetic Whitlow?
recurrent and painful HSV infection of the fingers
77
What is Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8 Human Herpesvirus 8)?
neoplastic lesion; multiple bluish/purple and white macule and plaques \*common HIV-infected patients\*
78
What is Herpangina (Coxsackie Virus)?
vesicles or ulcers of posterior oral cavity or soft palate
79
What is Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (Coxsackie Virus)?
ulcerations or vesicles of the hands, feet, and mouth; painful
80
What is Sjogren Syndrome?
autoimmune disease causing xerostomia and dry eyes - may lose papillae
81
What is Erythema Multiforme?
"Bulls-eye" acute ulcerative condition of skin and mucous membranes - hemorrhagic crusting of the lips \*Steven Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme Major) - multiple mucosal surfaces are ulcerated
82
What is Lupus Erythematosis?
(Chronic Discoid - cutaneous) autoimmune disorder with periods of remission - "Butterfly rash" found on the face
83
What is Lichen Planus?
skin disease that may appear as fine lace-like white lines - Wickham's Striae or red ulcerations "Mrs. Wickham is making lace"
84
What is Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?
long-term neuromuscular disease; varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness
85
What are Odontogenic Cysts?
cyst-lining is epithelial tissue produced during tooth development
86
What are the Epithelial Rests of Serres?
remnant of the dental lamina
87
What are the Epithelial Rests of Malassez?
remanant of Hertwig's root sheath
88
What is a Dentigerous Cyst?
(Follicular Cyst) - located around crown of impacted tooth - common sites: mandibular wisdom teeth & maxillary canines
89
What is a Lateral Periodontal Cyst?
- common between roots of mandibular premolars
90
What is a Radicular Cyst?
(Periapical Cyst) - found at apices of necrotic tooth \*Residual Cyst - remnant of radicular cyst
91
What is an Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) or Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT)
- found in posterior of the mandible rather than the maxilla - associated with Basal Cell Carcinoma
92
What is a Primordial Cyst?
- replaces tooth
93
What is a Globulomaxillary Cyst?
- found between maxillary lateral and canine incisors
94
What is a Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
(Incisive Canal) - radiolucency found at midline of maxillary anterior
95
What is a Nasolabial Cyst?
(Nasolacrimal Cyst) - located over the maxillary canine region - may swell
96
What is Dysplasia?
(Carcinoma-in-situ) - premalignant lesions
97
What is Actinic Keratosis?
precancerous lesion that may lead to Squamous Cell Carcinoma
98
What is Actinic Cheilitis?
precancerous lesions on lower lip - red, white, ulcerated or crusted appearance
99
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
sun exposed skin \*most common type of skin cancer\*
100
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
\*most common oral cancer\* \*most common on floor of the mouth and lateral borders of the tongue\*
101
What is Multiple Myeloma?
bone marrow tumors - poor prognosis, often fatal - punched out radiolucent bone (including jaw)
102
What is Melanoma?
pigmented tumor \*most dangerous form of skin cancer\*
103
What is Snuff Dippers Keratosis?
(smokeless tobacco lesions) - wrinkled, corrugated white lesions at site of placement - associated commonly with gingival recession, tooth staining, and decay
104
What is an Odontoma?
resembles teeth; benign tumor - primarily dentin and enamel tissue \*most common\* BOARD ALERT
105
What is a Cementoma?
lesions on the apex of vital teeth; commonly mandibular anterior
106
What is an Ameloblastoma?
multiocular radiolucency; soap-bubble or honey-combed radiolucency - usually posterior mandible
107
What is Exostoses?
bony protuberance on buccal and facial areas of the jaw
108
What is Palatal Torus?
bony protuberance on hard palate
109
What is Maxillary or Mandibular Tori?
Maxillary: bony mass usually at midline of hard palate Mandibular: bony mass on lingual surface of mandible; may be unilateral or bilateral
110
What is Condensing Ostetis?
(Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis) radiopaque lesion at apex of inflamed or necrotic tooth
111
What is a Periapical Cemental Dysplasia?
(Periapical Cemeno-osseous Dysplasia, False Cementoma) - mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesions at apices - common in lower anterior teeth
112
What is Florid Cemento-osseous Dysplasia?
multiple quadrants; dense masses of cementum or bone
113
What is Cleidocaranial Dysostosis (Dysplasia)?
rare autosomal disease \*hypoplastic or absent clavicles\* BOARD ALERT - often associated with supernumerary teeth
114
What is Gardner's Syndrome?
- familial autosomal disease - multiple osteomas and tumors \*associated with supernumerary teeth\*
115
What is Paget's Disease?
(Osteitis Deformans) - bones are malformed; larger and thicker "Cotton-wool" radiopacities
