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4th Yr- CCD2-Clinical > Oral pathology in children > Flashcards

Oral pathology in children Flashcards

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1
Q

What are natal teeth

A

Teeth at birth

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2
Q

What are Neo natal teeth

A

They are teeth that appear within 30 days of birth

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3
Q

How common are natal teeth

A

1 in 2000

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4
Q

How common are neonatal teeth

A

1 IN 3500

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5
Q

Where are natal and neonatal teeth most common

A

Mandibular midline

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6
Q

What are the problems associated with natal/neonatal teeth

A
  1. If mobile then risk of aspiration
  2. Breast feeding
  3. Riga-fede ulceration
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7
Q

How can we treat natal/neonatal teeth

A

Extract if any risks

Minitor

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8
Q

List some oral pathology that can be present in new borns

A
  1. Dental lamina cysts
  2. Bohns nodules
  3. Epsteins pearls
  4. Congenital epulis of new-born
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9
Q

Where are dental lamina cysts found

A

At the crest of ridges

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10
Q

What are bohns nodules

A

They are remnants of the dental lamina

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11
Q

Where are Bohns nodules usually found

A

Maxillary alveolar ridge

Salivary grand remnants

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12
Q

Where are Epstein’s pearls found

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

What are Epstein’s pearls

A

Epithelial remnants

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14
Q

Descrive congenita espuli of newborns

A

They are benign and can be found on the alveolar ridge

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15
Q

How do we treat congenital puli of newborns

A

Simple excision

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16
Q

When do children start teething

A

9 months

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17
Q

What are some problems associated with teething

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Rash
  3. Drooling
  4. Systemic upset
  5. Temperature
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18
Q

How can we manage teething

A
  1. Teething toys

2. Analgesics

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19
Q

Describe eruptions cysts

A

They are bluish in colour, filled with fluid usually found overlying the erupting teeth

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20
Q

How do we treat eruption cysts

A

Usually self limiting but very rarely become infected

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21
Q

What is regional odontodysplasia

A

Ghost teeth

V ery rare

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22
Q

What does regional odontodysplasia affect

A

Both dentitions in one areas/ quadrant

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23
Q

What happens in regional odontodysplasia

A

Gross malformation of enamel and dentine possibly due to disruption in blood supply early in development

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24
Q

Talk through reasons we can have premature loss of primary teeth

A
  1. Local reasons such as infection (caries) or trauma

2. Systemic aetiology

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25
Give examples of systemic aetiology that can lead to premature loss of primary teeth
1. Structural defects | 2. Cellular defects
26
Give examples of structural defects that can lead to premature loss of primary teeth
1. Alveolar bone loss 2. Periodontal ligament Defects 3. Cementum defects
27
What can cause alveolar bone destruction
1. Langerhan cell histocytosis | 2. Acrodynia
28
What can cause periodontal ligament defects
1. Ehlers danlos | 2. Vitamin C deficiency
29
What can cause cementum defects
Hypophophatasia
30
The defect in which cell can lead to premature primary tooth loss
Neutrophil defect
31
How can neutrophils be defected
1. Quantitive (less of them) | 2. Qualitative
32
What can lead to a quantitive defect in neutrophils
1. Cyclic neutropenia | 2. Aplastic anaemia
33
What can lead to a qualitative defect in neutrophils
1. Chediak Higashi 2. Papilion lefevre 3. Leucocyte adhesion deficiency
34
What are epulids
Lump or swelling on the gingiva
35
Descriev pyogenic granulomas
They are very vascular and develop secondary to chronic irritation
36
What is the end stage of a pyogenic granuloma
Fibroepithelial polyp
37
Describe peripheral giant cell granulomas
They are very haemorrhage | Darker in colour than pyogenic granulomas
38
Describe geographic tongue
Characteristic area of erosion Whitish margins Disappears and reappears Occasionally symptomatic
39
What does gingival hyperplasia usually occur secondary to
Drug / medication use
40
Give examples fo medication that can cause drug induced hyperplasia
1. Phenytoin 2. Cyclosporin A 3. Nifedipine
41
What is phenytoin
An anti convulsant used to manage epilepsy
42
What is cyclosporin A used for
It is an immunosuppressant
43
what is nifedipine
an anti hypertensive
44
How do we manage gingival hyperplasia
1. Maintain oral hygiene 2. Chlorhexidine mouth rinses 3. Gingivectomy 4. Drug choice
45
What is a mucocele
A mucous extraneous cyst
46
Why do mucocele cysts form
Due to damage to minor salivary gland causing leakage of saliva into tissues
47
What is a ranula
A mucous cyst in the floor of the mouth
48
Why do ranulas form
Usually secondary to damage to the duct
49
What is an oral ulceration
Localised defect of the oral mucosa in which the covering epithelium is destroyed leaving an inflamed area of exposed connective tissue
50
Talk through the surgical sieve
1. Infective? 2. Traumatic? 3. Neoplastic? 4. Immunological? 5. Nutritional? 6. Inflammatory?
51
What is orofacial granulomatosis
Perioral and gingival swelling assocated with crohns disease
52
What is recurrent apathous ulceration associated with
1. Increased stress 2. Nutritional deficiency status 3. Trauma
53
What is the treatment of recurrent apathous ulceration dependant on
Symptoms
54
How do we treat recurrent apathous ulceration
1. Address nutritional deficiencies 2. Chlorohexidine to prevent secondary caries 3. Corlan tablets or adcortyl for anti inflammation 4. Difflam if systomatic
55
What can bacterial infection lead to
Bacterial abcess
56
How do we treat severer odontogenic infections
1. Admission to hospital 2. IV antibiotics 3. Removal of tooth 4. Drainage of pus
57
What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by
Herpes simplex type 1
58
What is the incubation period of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
3-5 days
59
At what age does the incidence of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis peak
14 months
60
What isprimary herpetic gingivostomatitis characterised by
1. Fever 2. Irritability 3. Malaise 4. Vesicles on the tongue that rupture to form ulcers
61
How do we treat primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
1. Paracetamol and the analgesic 2. Mouth rinses 3. Fluids
62
What can cold sores be triggered by
1. Stress 2. Illness 3. Sunlight
63
Give examples of viral infections that can affect the oral cavity
1. Herpangina 2. Hand foot mouth 3. Chicken pox 4. Mumps 5. Measles 6. Epstein barr
64
Give examples of fungal infections that can affect the oral cavity
1. Acute psuefomembranous candidiasis

4th Yr- CCD2-Clinical (6 decks)

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