Oral Sedation and Anxiety Control

Question 1

The dissociation constant has to match the pH of the compartment for the drug to be absorbed.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Some drugs need these to be broken down.

Answer 2

Bile salts or bacteria.

Question 3

Why do anti-cholinergics delay gastric emptying?

Answer 3

Because the stomach is stimulated by the Vagus nerve, which is cholinergic.

Question 4

These three things cause delayed gastric emptying.

Answer 4

Diabetes, Scleroderma, Amyloidosis

Question 5

The fraction of the drug dose that gets into the systemic circulation.

Answer 5

Bioavailability

Question 6

T/F: You cannot titrate oral sedatives.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

First pass metabolism of a drug occurs in what organ?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

Diffusion from high to low concentration.

Answer 8

Passive diffusion

Question 9

These molecules diffuse more readily.

Answer 9

Small, non-polar lipid soluble molecules

Question 10

What is ion-pair transport?

Answer 10

Anions bind to Cations to form a neutral complex that can pass the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Question 11

These:

• Reversibly associated with the drug
• Buffer wide fluctuations in free drug concentration

Answer 11

Plasma proteins

Question 12

If the drug readily binds to these, they will stay in the body longer.

Answer 12

Plasma proteins

Question 13

Obesity and drug distribution

Answer 13

Obese people with large lipid stores hold onto the drug longer.

Question 14

Metabolism of a drug involves this.

Answer 14

Conversion from lipid to water soluble.

Question 15

Where most agents get metabolized.

Answer 15

Liver

Question 16

Phase I reactions in drug metabolism involve what?

Answer 16

Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis

Question 17

Phase II reactions in drug metabolism

Answer 17

Conjugation

Question 18

The drug is combined with glucuronic acid to form water soluble complexes.

Answer 18

Conjugation

Question 19

Most drugs are eliminated through which organ?

Answer 19

Kidneys

Question 20

What is this? :

Drug is conjugated with biliary salts, goes through the intestinal tract, and gets recycled and reabsorbed.

Answer 20

Enterohepatic cycling

Question 21

What kind of sedation is not recommended for kids under 12?

Answer 21

Moderate

Question 22

Types of sedation

Answer 22

Mild
Moderate
Deep

Question 23

May need to maintain the airway in this type of sedation.

Answer 23

Deep

Question 24

Patients cannot be easily aroused during this type of sedation.

Answer 24

Deep

Question 25

Stages of Anesthesia

Answer 25

Stage 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 26

Stage 1 Anesthesia

Answer 26

Analgesia

Question 27

Stage 2 Anesthesia

Answer 27

Delirium/Excitement

Question 28

Stage 3 Anesthesia

Answer 28

Surgical Anesthesia

Question 29

Stage 4 Anesthesia

Answer 29

Medullary Paralysis

Question 30

Minimally depressed level of consciousness. Cognition and Coordination are modestly impaired. Ventilatory and cardiovascular functions are un-impaired.

Answer 30

Minimal sedation

Question 31

This type of sedation: patients respond to verbal commands alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation.

Answer 31

Moderate sedation

Question 32

Drug induced loss of consciousness in which patients are not arousable even by painful stimulation.

Answer 32

General Anesthesia

Question 33

Requires a device to maintain a patent airway. CV function may be impaired.

Answer 33

General anesthesia.

Question 34

If lower BP more than this %, can cause brain damage bc not enough pressure to pump blood to the brain.

Answer 34

25

Question 35

Oxygenated Hb absorbs _____ light at ____ nm.

Answer 35

Infrared; 990

Question 36

You regain full psychological and physical capacity in this stage of recovery.

Answer 36

Late

Question 37

You regain full psychomotor function and resume physical activity in this stage of recovery.

Answer 37

Intermediate

Question 38

Used as discharge criteria.

Answer 38

Aldrete Scoring System

Question 39

Characteristics looked at for the Aldrete System

Answer 39

``` Activity Respiration Circulation Consciousnes Color ```